Development of SRF standard in ISO TC300: current progress and issues National Institute for Environmental Studies Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research Rieko Kubota Contacts: Kubota.Rieko@nies.go.jp

Contents Background of SRF standardization in Europe List of prospective work items in TC300 based on European standards (EN) ISO TC300 Overview Current ISO TC300 activities Timeline of TC 300 activities Major agendas of each working group Purpose to participate in ISO/regional standardization Introduction of Indonesian RDF use guidelines for cement industry(2016) Takeaway messages about standardization Future of RDF standards in ASEAN region

20% of MSW is still landfilled in Europe Source: CEWEP HP(2016)

Background of SRF standardization in Europe Landfill Directive (1999/EC/31) This directive introduces landfill tax to divert waste from landfill. Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) -have to be applied for any government –Prioritize on greater capture of recyclable materials(including food waste)

Background of SRF standardization in ISO Concerns on the quality of waste derived fuels=Solid Recovered Fuels in the market Give reference data on quality and safety of SRF In 2002, CEN/TC343 on SRF has set up in EU

List of prospective work items in TC300 based on European standards (EN)

ISO TC300 Overview Established in November, 2015 Chaired by Finland Scope of TC300: Elaboration of Standards, Technical Specifications and Technical Reports on solid recovered fuels, prepared from non-hazardous waste to be utilised for energy recovery in waste-incineration or co- incineration plants or in industrial processes (like cement manufacturing), excluding those fuels that are included in the scope of ISO TC238.

ISO TC300 Overview 17 countries 16 countries including Technical Committee structure: Participating Members: 17 countries -With active participation, voting rights Observing Members: 16 countries including Thailand (TISI) -Receive documents, can comment ISO TC300 WG1 Terminology and quality assurance WG2 Specification and classes WG3 Sampling and sample reduction WG4 Physical and mechanical tests WG5 Chemical tests and determination of biomass contents WG6 Safety of Solid Recovered Fuels

Current ISO TC300 activities Standard and/or project under the direct responsibility of ISO/TC 300 Secretariat (5) Stage ISO/AWI 21640 [Under development] –WG2 Solid recovered fuels -- Specifications and classes 20.00 ISO/AWI 21911 [Under development] –WG6 Solid recovered fuels -- Determination of self-heating ISO/AWI 21912 [Under development] –WG6 Solid recovered fuels -- Safe handling and storage of solid recovered fuels ISO/AWI TR 21916 [Under development] –WG2 Solid recovered fuels -- Guidance for specification of solid recovered fuels (SRF) for selected uses ISO/AWI 22105 [Under development] –WG5 Solid recovered fuels -- Determination of the total Sulphur content using a high temperature tube furnace combustion method -- IR-detection

Timeline of TC300 activities April, 2016 1st TC meeting in Helsinki November, 2016 2nd TC meeting in Tokyo Working group web-meetings, meeting in Milan September, 2017 3rd TC meeting in Stockholm Voting Voting Voting

Major agendas in each Working Group

WG1:Terminology and Quality Assurance Discussion on how to define terms such as: “waste” “Non- hazardous waste” ”point of delivery” Do we specify where waste comes from? Submission of existing standards and other related documents (to avoid being too much Europe-centric discussion) Questionnaire on necessity of quality assurance of SRF products Next step: New Work Item on terminology based on EN15357: Solid Recovered Fuels – Terminology, definitions and descriptions

WG2: Specification and classes Discussion on New Working Item: WD21640 Solid Recovered Fuels – Specification and Classes Questionnaire to understand better about SRF production and utilization in each country Important characteristic classification is based on: Economic value Technical value Environmental value

WG3: Sampling and Sample reduction Expect to work on NWI on Sampling method (EN15442) Shared sampling method by JIS standard Simplification of testing method Simplification of mass sampling, calculation methods, and sampling conditions

WG4: Physical and mechanical tests Now voting is ongoing for the Testing methods on 1) Determination of ash content, 2) calorific value, 3) moisture content using the oven dry method 4) volatile matter Reflection of your country’s testing methods on ISO is important. Testing body can not implement!!

WG5: Chemical tests and determination of biomass contents Discussion on WD21644 Determination of biomass content What methodology for determination of biomass content do we include? Manual sorting only? Other advanced methods such as C14 method? Discussion on WD21663 Determination of total carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur Can laboratory in different countries conform to the content and procedure of testing methods?

WG6: Safety of Solid Recovered Fuels Discussion on WD21912: Safe handling, treatment and storage covers SRF Acceptance, treatment, storage, fire prevention are the scope of the standard Input on self-heating of SRF for WD21911 The troubling fire record of UK recycling plants -Guardian, 2017.07.06 300 waste treatment and recycling facilities per year are reported to have fire accidents between 2001 to 2013. UK government has issued new guidelines on Safe-handling of waste and fire prevention at waste facilities Source: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2017 /jul/06/troubling-fire-record-uk-recycling-plants

Purpose to participate in ISO/regional standardization Assurance of quality and safety of products, services and management process To be beneficial to the domestic companies to stay competitive in international/ regional market To reflect own standards/guidelines in your country to ISO/regional standard to make sure domestic standards conform (sometimes you need to coordinate/negotiate with other country’s representatives)

Indonesian RDF use guidelines for cement industry(2016) -Issued by Ministry of Environment and Forestry

Use of RDF in cement industry in Indonesia (2013) Source: KLHK, 2013

Contents of Indonesian RDF use guidelines RDF derived from municipal solid waste Fluff form Energy substitution rate: 5% in cement industry Sorting Shredding Drying Magnetic separation Solar drying, Steam drying, Bio drying Packaging Storage

Takeaway messages about standardization (1) Mandatory to have environmental regulation on co-processing plants Standard is not the same as law/regulation Distinction of normative/informative standards Ensure “triple (viability) bottom line” Environment-Technical-Economy in institutional design

Takeaway messages about standardization(2) You need good policy/legislation to “quote” standard/guideline. It’s two wheels(policy/legislation and standard) to ensure safety and quality of products and process Multi-stakeholders participation in preparation process is essential Private sector is key player (They are the user of standards)

Future direction of RDF standards in ASEAN For Ajarn Sirin’s question in panel discussion Future direction of RDF standards in ASEAN Cross border flow of RDF may happen Necessary to ensure quality RDF exports National standards/guidelines Regional Expert group to establish national standards ASEAN guidelines in ASEAN sectoral body Standard harmonization of AMSs Mutual recognition of standard among AMSs ASEAN Economic Community objectives:

Thank you so much for your attention