COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY 2. Research applications A. Decision-making B. Induced compliance 1. The dissonance theory view

amount of dissonance (attitude change) NOT COMPLY COMPLY max. neg. change max. pos. change amount of dissonance (attitude change) ■ ■ ■ ■ little/no change little/no change incentive

COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY 2. Research applications A. Decision-making B. Induced compliance 1. The dissonance theory view 2. Limiting condition

COGNITIVE DISSONANCE THEORY 2. Research applications A. Decision-making B. Induced compliance C. Hypocrisy induction D. Selective exposure

STAGE MODELS 1. The transtheoretical model (TTM) A. The stages of change

STAGES OF CHANGE in the transtheoretical model (TTM) Precontemplation Contemplation Planning Action Maintenance

STAGE MODELS 1. The transtheoretical model (TTM) A. The stages of change B. The idea of stage-matching of interventions

MATCHING INTERVENTIONS TO STAGES B C

STAGE MODELS 1. The transtheoretical model (TTM) 2. Challenges for the TTM A. Stage-matched vs. unmatched interventions (no advantage for matched)

STAGE MODELS 1. The transtheoretical model (TTM) 2. Challenges for the TTM A. Stage-matched vs. unmatched interventions B. Decisional balance (weak evidence for design implications)

STAGE MODELS 1. The transtheoretical model (TTM) 2. Challenges for the TTM A. Stage-matched vs. unmatched interventions B. Decisional balance --the idea of decisional balance --decisional balance asymmetry --TTM’s design implication --why the evidence is weak

STAGE MODELS 1. The transtheoretical model (TTM) 2. Challenges for the TTM A. Stage-matched vs. unmatched interventions B. Decisional balance C. Intervention sequencing (no evidence for intervention sequencing effects)

STAGE MODELS 1. The transtheoretical model (TTM) 2. Challenges for the TTM A. Stage-matched vs. unmatched interventions B. Decisional balance C. Intervention sequencing --stage models vs. “continuum” (non-stage) models

continuum of intention ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 low high

STAGE MODELS 1. The transtheoretical model (TTM) 2. Challenges for the TTM A. Stage-matched vs. unmatched interventions B. Decisional balance C. Intervention sequencing --stage models vs. “continuum” (non-stage) models --stage models claim intervention sequencing is key

STAGE MODELS 1. The transtheoretical model (TTM) 2. Challenges for the TTM A. Stage-matched vs. unmatched interventions B. Decisional balance C. Intervention sequencing --stage models vs. “continuum” (non-stage) models --stage models claim intervention sequencing is key --evidence about intervention sequencing: lacking

STAGE MODELS 1. The transtheoretical model (TTM) 2. Challenges for the TTM A. Stage-matched vs. unmatched interventions B. Decisional balance C. Intervention sequencing D. Stage assessment (no well-established procedures)

STAGE MODELS 1. The transtheoretical model (TTM) 2. Challenges for the TTM A. Stage-matched vs. unmatched interventions B. Decisional balance C. Intervention sequencing D. Stage assessment 3. Other stage models 4. Summary