Single Celled Organisms Chapter 4

Single Celled Prokaryotes 2 Domains: Archae and Bacteria Compose ½ of earth’s living mass All Archae and Bacteria are unicellular

Single Celled Eukaryotes The 3rd Domain, Eukarya, contains some single celled organisms

Archae Unicellular organisms No nucleus Have strong cell membranes that allow them to survive harsh climates: extremophile Contain flagella- whip-like structures, tails, that allow the cells to move

Types of extremophiles 1.thermophiles:organisms that prefer extreme heat, often above 100 degrees Celsius

2. Halophiles: organisms that live in extremely salty, or saline, environments, such as the Dead Sea or the Great Salt Lake

3. Acidophiles: organisms that live in very acidic environments

Extremophiles & Oxygen Aerobic: organisms that require energy Anerobic: organisms that do not require oxygen Methanogens: anerobic extremophiles that live in intestinal tracts; produce methane

Extremophiles & Mars

Bacteria Unicellular prokaryotes Normal cell membrane; not extremophiles Colonies: bacteria live in large groups Many have flagella to move Plasmids: small sections of DNA in the cytoplasm of bacteria

Nitrogen Fixation Process when some bacteria remove nitrogen gas from the air and convert it into ammonia for plants and animals to use video

Coccus Bacteria Spherical, circle shaped

Spirilla Bacteria Spiral shaped

Bacillus Bacteria Rod shaped

Roles of Archae & Bacteria in the Environment Recyclers Decomposers Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism

Recyclers Prokaryotes that recycle carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and other elements in the environment

Decomposers Prokaryotes that break down dead organisms and organic matter into simpler compounds carbon and minerals are released back into the environment

Symbiotic Relationships

Kingdom Protista Eukaryotes Many are unicellular, some are multicellular Any eukaryotic organism that is not a fungus, plant, or animal, but is like a fungus, plant, or animal. Most are in water, some on land or the human body

3 types of Protists Plant-like Fungus-like Animal-like Categorized by how they obtain their food

Plant-like Protists Obtain food through photosynthesis Do not have leaves or roots

Plant-like Protists: Examples 1. Algae: lives in the water and contains chlorophyll

Plant-like Protists: Examples 2. Diatoms: single-celled, type of algae Found in fresh or salt water, and in moist soil or moist plant surfaces A part of plankton

Plant-like Protists: Examples 3. Euglena: unicellular protists; photosynthesis with light. Red eye spot: a collection of pigment that detects light and moves toward light When no light is present, it can engulf food

Fungus-like Protist Fungus-like Protist’s cell wall is made of cellulose A fungus’ cell wall is made of chitin 3 groups: cellular slime molds acellular slime molds water molds- decomposers, Great Potato Famine

Animal-like Protists: Examples Protists- unicellular, animals- multicellular 4 groups- based on how they move 1.Zooflagellates- move by flagella

Animal-like Protists: Examples Protists- unicellular, animals- multicellular 4 groups based on how they move 1.Zooflagellates- move by flagella 2. Sarcodines- unicellular move by pseudopod, false foot

Animal-like Protists: Examples Protists- unicellular, animals- multicellular 4 groups based on how they move 1.Zooflagellates- move by flagella 2.Sarcodines- (amoeba) unicellular move by pseudopod, false foot 3. Ciliates- unicellular, elastic membrane Cilia- hairlike organelles for movement

Animal-like Protists: Examples Protists- unicellular, animals- multicellular 4 groups based on how they move 1.Zooflagellates- move by flagella 2.Sarcodines- (amoeba) unicellular move by pseudopod, false foot 3.Ciliates- unicellular, elastic membrane Cilia- hairlike organelles for movement 4.Sporozoans- produce spores

Yogurt yogurt under microscope

Common Bacteria in Yogurt lactobacillus bulgaricus streptococcus thermophilus