Low latitude mesospheric winds measurements from three meteor radars in Brazil Paulo Batista1, Barclay Clemesha1, Vânia Andrioli1, Ana Roberta Paulino1, Ricardo Buriti2, Nelson Schuch3, Lourivaldo Lima4 1 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil 2 Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil 3 Centro Regional Sul de Pesquisas Espaciais-INPE, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil 4 Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil ppbatista@laser.inpe.br

Simultaneous Wind, Lidar and Airglow measurements Conclusion OUTLINE Introduction Radar Sites Research instruments Regular experiments Results- Tides, Planetary Waves Simultaneous Wind, Lidar and Airglow measurements Conclusion

Research instruments Cachoeira Paulista Meteor Radar Cariri São José dos Campos Lidar Digisonde Imager Cachoeira Paulista Meteor Radar Airglow São Luis Coherent Radar 30 MHz Radar Fortaleza Cariri Saanta Maria Campaigns: Boa Vista. Campo Grande, Alcântara, Cachimbo Boa Vista Equator Alcantara Manaus São Luis Fortaleza Natal Cachimbo Cariri (7 S, 38 W) Palmas Campo Grande Cachoeira Paulista (22.7 S, 45 W) São José dos Campos Santa Maria (29.7 S, 55 W)

Instruments 3 identical SKiYMET Meteor Radar All SKy Interferometer METeor Radar Wind Frequency 30.24 MHz Peak power 12 kW Pulse width 13 μs Pulse rep. frequency 2144 Hz Range resolution 2 km Angular resolution 2° Height range 80 – 100 km Transmitting antenna 3-element Yagi antenna • Receiving antennas 5-channel interferometer of 2-element Yagi antennas

Cariri Cachoeira Paulista Santa Maria

Tidal amplitudes at the three locations in 2005

Tidal phases at the three locations in 2005

Planetary waves studies

6.5–day wave at Cachoeira Paulista Lima et al., Adv. Space Res., 36, 2212-2217, 2005

16-day wave at Cachoeira Paulista Lima et al., Advances in Space Research, 38, 2615-2620, 2006

QTDW at Cariri and Cachoeira Paulista Lima et al., Rev. Bras. Geof. vol.25  suppl.2, 2007

Lunar Tides Paulino et al., JASTP 78-79. pp 31-36, 2012

amplitudes and phases for the three stations Height averaged amplitudes and phases for the three stations And comparison with Vial and Forbes’ model

SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENTS OF WINDS, AIRGLOW AND LIDAR

Fechine et al., Ann. Geophys., 27, 1399-1406, 2009

Vargas et al., Opt. Pura Apl., 44(1) 107-113, 2011

SSW Tides and QTDW S-transform amplitude spectra for Cariri meridional wind in the 90-km 2004/Dec-2005/Mar (upper panel), 2005/Dec-2006/Mar (middle panel) 2006/Dec-2007/Mar (bottom panel). Lima et al., JASTP, 78-79, pp99-107, 2112

Figure 2: Amplitudes for diurnal tide and quasi-two-day wave for Cariri meridional winds at 90 km height (first panels from top to bottom), NCEP zonally averaged of the temperature in the polar cap - poleward from 60N - (second panels) and of the zonal winds (third panels), and the wave 1-2 amplitude of geopotential height at 60N, in 10 hPa pressure level, for (a) 2004-2005, (b) 2005-2006 and (c) 2006-2007. Lima et al., JASTP, 78-79, pp99-107, 2112

Lunar Tide Enhancement with SSW Cariri Cachoeira Paulista Santa Maria Paulino, A. R. et al., 10.1016/j.jastp.2011.12.015, 2012

a)December 2005 to February 2006 at Cachoeira Paulista Mesospheric temperatures derived from meteor radar decay times Stratospheric temperature at 90°N and 10 hPa . (b) Zonal wind at 60°N and 10 hPa level. c)Meridional wind at Cariri, d)Cachoeira Paulista e)Santa Maria. f)Zonal wind at Cariri g)Cachoeira Paulista Santa Maria New and full moons are indicated by filled and open circles, respectively. a)December 2005 to February 2006 at Cachoeira Paulista b) Santa Maria Mean temperatures from c)December 2003 to February 2004 at Cachoeira Paulista d) December 2006 to February 2007 at Santa Maria Paulino, A. R. et al., 10.1016/j.jastp.2011.12.015, 2012

CACHOEIRA PAULISTA Monthly averaged nocturnal variances for Nov and Dec. <u´u´> and <v´v´> (left) compared with the mean winds (right)

Annual variation of the Monthly averaged variances <u´u´> and <v´v´> for Cariri, Cachoeira Paulista and Santamaria

Spectral power( m2 /sec2) Lomb Scargle Periodogram for the height average of <u´u´> Spectral power( m2 /sec2) Period (Months) Lomb Scargle Periodogram for the height average of <v´v´> Spectral power( m2 /sec2) Period (Months)

CONCLUSIONS Three SkiYmet meteor Radars have been installed in Brazilian equatorial and low latitudes Regular and international cooperation campaigns have been conducted since 1999 Tides and planetary waves have been configured at the three stations and also the non-linear relations between then Winds have been used to configure the atmospheric environment for the propagation of gravity waves and mesospheric fronts Simultaneous measurements of winds, temperature lidar, and imagers have shown the importance of winds and temperature in defining the atmospheric conditions for airglow-based momentum flux calculation The effects of SSW’s in northern polar regions are present in Solar and Lunar Tides, Planetary waves and Temperature in low latitude southern mesosphere

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