Do Now: 1. What institution was questioned during the Scientific Revolution?

Effects of the Scientific Revolution Decline in Political Power of Roman Catholic Church Many new discoveries & fields of science formed Individuals began to question authority

The Scientific Revolution Reform in science The Enlightenment Reform in government Question the best form of govt. Questioned Absolutism

The Enlightenment The Age of Reason 1600-1700s Age of Enlightenment The Enlightenment The Age of Reason 1600-1700s

From Science to Philosophy Enlightenment philosophers 1. Questioned the best form of government 2. Questioned Absolutism

Disagreed about 1. Human Nature 2. How people should be governed

John Locke vs. Thomas Hobbes People basically good All people entitled to “life, liberty, property”: Natural Rights/Laws Social Contract Theory: people form an invisible contract with their government that govt. will uphold rights If govt. violates rights, people can break contract & rebel Hobbes People basically evil People surrender rights to govt. and must support govt. no matter what “Life is nasty, brutish and short” The Leviathan

John Locke– “un-LOCKED” democracy Inspired American Revolution, Declaration of Independence

French Thinkers Why Important? 3 Branches of Govt. Denis Diderot: wrote first encyclopedia (censored by the RCC and he went to prison) Why Important? Brought subjects together Spread Enlightenment ideals Published for the masses Middle Class people could afford it Baron de Montesquieu: wrote about government and the importance of individual rights – balance of power & a system of checks & balances 3 Branches of Govt.

Voltaire French author (Voltaire was his pseudonym) Freedom of Speech “I may disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”

Adam Smith Wrote influential book on economics: Wealth of Nations Developed idea of laissez-faire economics (“hands-off”) gov’t should have little role in regulating businesses and the economy Capitalism: private ownership Invisible Hand Theory

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Believed people were basically good Society, rules, government had corrupted them “Man is born free but everywhere he is in chains” Chains= societal constraints Expanded on social contract theory Said majority should always look out for common good

“…Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” The Spread of the Enlightenment Ideas John Adams (1745-1826) Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) Ben Franklin (1706-1790) “…Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”

Effects of the Enlightenment 1. Enlightened despots Despot = ruler with absolute power Enlightened = want to increase individual rights Ex. Catherine the Great 2. Questioning and challenging of absolutism 3. Increased literacy rates throughout Europe 4. The American Revolution (1776-1781) 5. The French Revolution (1789-1815) 6. Latin American Revolutions (1799-1830s)

The Big Idea The Enlightenment encouraged people to challenge absolutism and demand more of a say in their government Led to American Revolution, French Revolution, and Latin American independence movements