Tactics and creativity Standard Grade Physical Education Mclaren High School What do you think the term Tactic means? Can you give an example of a tactic used in an activity? What does it mean to be creative in an activity? In what activities can you be creative? 20/06/2018 Tactics and Creativity

Tactics and Creativity For any participant in any competitive activity it is their aim to defeat the opposition and therefore WIN. In order to achieve this competitors try to outwit and outmanoeuvre their opposition. In simple terms competitors will try and play to their own strengths and their opponents weaknesses. Therefore before the activity begins most competitors will have a “game plan” or tactic in mind. In any competition we always want to win It is the reason we take part – we want to be the best It makes us feel good or even superior to the opposition. We play to our strengths eg our physical and personal qualities What is a physical quality? Dependant on our body shape/ type, what we are actually able to do What is a personal quality? It is inate, we are born with it – it is to do with our mind and character We also try to play to the opponents weaknesses – e.g in badminton if I keep playing the shuttle to my opponents weak backhand they are less likely to return the shuttle and so I am more likely to gain a point. 20/06/2018 Tactics and Creativity

Tactics and Creativity Tactics or “game plans” are specific ways of carrying out strategies or applying principles of play. These “game plans” are worked out before an activity begins – they are pre planned! Performers apply different tactics according to their strengths or their opponents weaknesses. For example: - Football The coach will watch a video of the opposition. If he spots a weakness in the oppositions performance he will try and capitalise on this. E.g playing his fastest attacker on the oppositions slowest defender. What is a game plan? When the coach or captain maps/ visualises the way in which he/she would like their team to play within a game. It can be dependant on who they have on their own team and the strengths they have or who plays for the opposition and their weaknesses that have been identified Strengths and weaknesses of the opposition can be identified using video analysis and prior knowledge of the individual or team opposition From this coaches and analysts will gather data about who is the fastest/slowest player for the opposition. What player has most possession/ covers the largest distance on the pitch and the player that gets into the best positions 20/06/2018 Tactics and Creativity

Examples of Tactics Invasion games Invasion games such as basketball and football use different tactics when attacking and defending. For example in football when playing defensively a coach will choose to play a 5-4-1 formation, but when attacking they may prefer to use a 3-4-3. There are two types of tactical defence in any game – Man to man defence where each player has a responsibility for marking their opposite number. Zone defence where each player guards a space and doesn’t let the opposition through. What is an invasion game? In invasion games, the main intention is to invade your opponents territory and to outwit them so that you can score goals or points. Draw on the board the formations and explain what they are and mean. Also explain that the formation only involves out field players and the goalie is also there. Why is man to man or zone defence good? Explain Man to man is good as each player on the team pick up another player. They are responsible for that one player when the opposition is attacking and so making complete and accurate pass is more difficult for the attackers. As a result the team are very organised and know what their role and responsibility is. Zone defence is good when you are trying to cover space. It will not let the opposition into good scoring opportunities. However it is only done if players know what they are doing and is hard to achieve. Sometimes players get mixed up about their roles or responsibility. 20/06/2018 Tactics and Creativity

Examples of Tactics Batting, Fielding and Target Team games In batting and fielding games tactical decisions begin at the toss of the coin – whether to bat or field first. Other tactical decisions made through out the game maybe placement of fielders, type of bowl and placement of shot. Target games such as bowls players don’t always try to “hit the target”. Instead they may play a short blocker bowl therefore intentionally preventing the opposition a clear path to the jack. Also a bowl delivered with pace can be used to break the opponents good position. 20/06/2018 Tactics and Creativity

Examples of Tactics Individual activities Indirectly competitive: In long distance running or cycling performers may intentionally stay directly behind the leader using them as a windbreak. Close to the end of the race they will make their sprint break to the line. In high jump a competitor will intentionally skip safe heights in order to make the opposition feel insecure. Directly competitive: In racket sports, a player will try and make the opposition move in order to create a space for a winning shot. In Judo a performer will try and steer their opponent into a position where their own strongest technique can be used. Finding the players weaknesses Force player onto strong hand/foot or weak hand/foot In tennis the opponents weakest shot – force them to perform this 20/06/2018 Tactics and Creativity

Tactics and Creativity Creativity is used in all activities. These activities require you to be creative in order to find solutions to problems you may encounter. For example In dance when being creative we use different movements to express our feelings Whilst in netball we used different types of dodging in order to loose our opponent and get into space. 20/06/2018 Tactics and Creativity

Tactics and Creativity Individual activities: In individual activities the performer often responds to a stimulus, like an emotion or music. In reaction to this A unique movement pattern is created Imagination is used to solve the problem Movements are linked together Therefore movement is produced to suit the situation and your performance has a personal stamp. These activities are aesthetically pleasing. Examples of such activities: Gymnastics, dance, figure skating and trampolining In individual events you gain marks for being creative e.g I linked my cartwheel and handstand with a half turn jump and forward roll to be different from everyone else 20/06/2018 Tactics and Creativity

Tactics and Creativity Creativity in Team Games Creativity also occurs in team games. This involves the performer trying to wrong foot the opposition, by disguising or faking movements. This will Help gain advantage Outwit the opposition Provide a scoring opportunity For example In Netball the attacker will fake an overhead pass making the defender jump, meanwhile play a bounce pass. In Hockey the performer will fake to dribble one way then cut across the defender and go the other way Also in volleyball front court player jumped to pretend to hit a spike - however as the opposition jumped to block he played a soft net shot to fool them. 20/06/2018 Tactics and Creativity

Tactics and Creativity Principles of Play When attacking in either activity width and depth are two principles of play. Depth allows the attacking to have many options and alternatives when passing. Therefore possession of the ball is kept. Whilst width will spread the attack across the pitch with the defence following each player. This will allow more gaps in the defence as they are less compact. 20/06/2018 Tactics and Creativity