Thoracic epidural analgesia via the lumbosacral approach using multiport catheters with a low concentration of bupivacaine and morphine in sheep Rafael.

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Presentation transcript:

Thoracic epidural analgesia via the lumbosacral approach using multiport catheters with a low concentration of bupivacaine and morphine in sheep Rafael DeRossi, Ronaldo Pagliosa, Tiago C Módolo, Felipe B Maciel, Gustavo G Macedo Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia Volume 39, Issue 3, Pages 306-314 (May 2012) DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00689.x Copyright © 2012 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Measurement of skin temperature at three marked points innervated by thoracocervical, thoracic, or upper flank nerves in sheep. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2012 39, 306-314DOI: (10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00689.x) Copyright © 2012 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Response to a standard noxious stimulus in the last cervical, thoracic, and upper lumbar area of six sheep after thoracic epidural administration of 0.25% bupivacaine (BP; 0.5 mg kg−1), morphine (MP; 0.1 mg kg−1), or BP plus MP (0.25 mg kg−1 BP + 0.05 mg kg−1 MP). Analgesic score indicates: 1, strong reaction to painful stimulus with vocalization, tail swishing, and/or struggle; 2, mild analgesia, depressed reaction to a painful stimulus, but restless and turning toward site of pinprick; 3, moderate analgesia, no response to a painful stimulus, but restless; and 4, complete absence of response to a painful stimulus. Each point represents the median ± 95% confidence interval for six animals. The values for BP (a) and BPMP (b) differed significantly (p < 0.05) from the respective basal values. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2012 39, 306-314DOI: (10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00689.x) Copyright © 2012 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Degree of motor block in 6 sheep after thoracic epidural administration of 0.25% bupivacaine (BP; 0.5 mg kg−1), morphine (MP; 0.1 mg kg−1), or BP plus MP (0.25 mg kg−1 BP + 0.05 mg kg−1 MP). The score indicates: 1, normal motor response (stand using the thoracic and pelvic limbs); 2, moderate motor blockade (paresis, animal with partial loss of movement of the forelimbs and hind limbs, and in lateral recumbency); and 3, complete motor blockade (paralysis of the forelimbs and partial loss of movement of the hind limbs, and in lateral recumbency). Each point represents the median ± 95% confidence interval for six animals. The values for BP (a) and BPMP (b) differed significantly (p < 0.05) from the respective basal values. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2012 39, 306-314DOI: (10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00689.x) Copyright © 2012 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia Terms and Conditions