Sectional Conflict and Shattered Union, 1848-1860 Chapter 13 Sectional Conflict and Shattered Union, 1848-1860
New Political Options Politicizing Slavery in the 1840s Abolitionists getting louder William Lloyd Garrison Sojourner Truth
New Political Options Opting for War with Mexico Annexation of Texas Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Discovery of gold in California
New Political Options The Election of 1848 Slavery returned to mainstream politics Zachary Taylor won Disaffected Voices and Political Dissent Whigs Know-Nothings
New Political Options The Politics of Compromise California’s application for statehood revived tensions Compromise of 1850 Popular sovereignty Fugitive Slave Law
New Political Options A Changing Political Economy Industrialization increased during 1850s Railroad moved to center place in economy Regional sectionalism Regionally different economies Political Instability and the Election of 1852 Slavery Seemed to loom behind every debate Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin was the first American novel that featured African American characters in prominent roles. It was issued in various editions and, as this store advertisement makes clear, it sold in enormous numbers. Note the different purchasing options, including both inexpensive paperback copies, a lavish bound “Superb Illustrated Edition,” and an edition in German. p319
New Political Options Increasing Tension Under Pierce Transcontinental Railroad route Southerners wanted a southern route to encourage development of more slave states Northern Free-Soilers, evangelicals, and manufacturers wanted a northern route Gadsden Purchase Kansas-Nebraska Act
Toward a House Divided Bleeding Kansas Kansas-Nebraska Act infuriated northern opinion Filibustering Ostend Manifesto John Brown Republican Party did well in 1856 election
Toward a House Divided Bringing Slavery Home to the North Dred Scott LeCompton Constitution Freeport Doctrine The Dominance of Sectionalism Democrats split again
The Divided Nation The Election of 1860 Republicans emphasized slavery issue & played on Democratic Party corruption Southerners panicked at prospect of Republican victory Rumors of slave uprisings in the South Republican victory 1st time president elected by a single region
MAP 13.4 Election of 1860 The election of 1860 confirmed the worst fears expressed by concerned Union supporters during the 1850s: changes in the nation’s population made it possible for one section to dominate national politics. As this map shows, the Republican and southern Democratic parties virtually split the nation, and the Republicans were able to seize the presidency. Map 13-4 p328
The Divided Nation The First Wave of Secession Responses to Disunion Deep South Crittenden’s Compromise Responses to Disunion Some in the South still favored compromise Jefferson Davis Chosen as president of Confederacy
MAP 13.5 Secession This map shows the breakup of the Union begun by South Carolina’s secession in December 1860. The Cotton Belt followed South Carolina’s lead in January, and the rest of the Confederate states joined them later in the spring of 1861. Free states then aligned to oppose southern secession, while the border states and inland territories were caught in the middle. Map 13-5 p329
The Nation Dissolved Lincoln, Sumter, and War Lincoln rejected Secession Extension of slavery Lincoln promised not to interfere with slavery in the South Secessionists characterized it as a declaration of war South Carolina
The Nation Dissolved Choosing Sides in Virginia Robert E. Lee Trouble in the Border States Border states remained in Union Though not without bloodshed
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