Change, Expansion & Compromise I. Postwar 1812: Change, Expansion & Compromise After this series of crisis, slavery still around, but still seen as “necessary evil.” Pre 1790’s, Tobacco still major cash crop of south. Problems w/Cotton: big potential, but small supply. Long Staple Cotton grew in swamps, Short Staple anywhere. Difficulty in processing short staple cotton. Slave expected to clean one pound a day. Invention of the Cotton Gin in 1793 A slave could now process 50 pounds of cotton a day. Cotton Production: 1790: 3,135 bales. 1820: 334,378 bales. Slavery=Profit. Eli Whitney Slavery now a “common good?”

Change, Expansion & Compromise The Missouri Compromise (1820) I. Postwar 1812: Change, Expansion & Compromise The Missouri Compromise (1820) Missouri wants to enter the union…as a slave state. This upsets the balance of free and slave states. Missouri’s location…west of the Mississippi River. Slavery is expanding into the new territory/west, NOT withering away or stopping. The Compromise: Missouri enters union as a slave state. 2. Maine enters union as a free state, maintaining balance. 3. No additional slave states in the new territories north of the 360 30’ line, except for Missouri. Jefferson’s reaction to the compromise.

Missouri Compromise (1820).

II. “Jacksonian America” The Antebellum Period II. “Jacksonian America” (1828-1836) A westerner, self-made, “common man.” Voting rights expand in new western states. Government should protect common man. Indian Removal Act (1830). Jackson & Worchester v. Georgia (1832).

II. “Jacksonian America” (1828-1836) His use of vetoes. John C. Calhoun A states-right’s man, strict constitutionalist…to a point. Nullification Crisis of 1832. He vetoed/destroyed Bank. Jackson refused to annex Texas (1835). Roger Taney Taney replaces Marshall in Supreme Court.

III. Social Movements, 1830’s-1850’s The Antebellum Period III. Social Movements, 1830’s-1850’s Social & economic change starting in 1820’s causes reactions. People dissatisfied, afraid. Government does nothing. Immigration from Germany & Ireland starts nativist campaign. Temperance, healthy living campaigns & movements. “Alternative” Denominations & utopian societies begin: Mormons, 7th Day Adventists, Shakers, transcendentalism. Second Great Awakening/revivals, from 1830’s-Civil War. Missionaries go west & into deep south. Convert Slaves. Nat Turner Revolt (1831, Virginia)-Most serious slave uprising. Southern states tighten slave laws.

III. Social Movements, 1830’s-1850’s The Antebellum Period III. Social Movements, 1830’s-1850’s Abolitionism-William Lloyd Garrison’s weekly newspaper, “The Liberator” (1831). The American Colonization Society is outdated & ineffective. Beliefs of Abolitionism: IMMEDIATE EMANCIPATION!! No compensation to slave owners. Garrison 2. Slavery not just a moral wrong, against reason or a democratic republic… 3. SLAVERY IS A SIN!! The nation will be judged!! 4. Blacks would become equal citizens (not sent to Africa). Campaign both written & speeches, non-compromising & harsh. Abolitionism also prompts women’s rights movement.

IV. Expansionism, Compromise The Antebellum Period IV. Expansionism, Compromise & Conflict Depression, etc. sets up “Oregon Fever.” Between 1843-1868, 250-400,000 move west. Polk won in 1844 with ambitious platform: get both Texas & Oregon. War w/Mexico provoked. Wilmot Proviso (1846). No money would be used to acquire additional slave territory (except Texas). President James Polk Wilmot breaks congressional “gag rule.”

“Manifest Destiny” Depicted, 1840’s

The Mexican War Campaign, 1846-1848

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) And Then…GOLD IN CALIFORNIA!! (1849)