The Brain www.brainpop.com

Interesting Facts About Your Brain Your brain weighs about 3 pounds. It is made of about 78% water. Therefore, you need to drink 8-12 glasses of water each day for your brain to maintain peak function. It is soft enough to cut with a butter knife. It is about the size of a grapefruit. It gets about 8 gallons of blood each hour to provide it with the oxygen and nutrients it needs to function. Your brain uses about 20% of your body’s energy and oxygen.

Why is your brain important? Your brain is very important to the function of your entire body. Functions include Interpret information from environment (collected with five senses) Monitor and regulate body functions such as temperature, blood pressure, hunger, etc. Responsible for thinking, learning, emotion, memory The list goes on and on….

Parts of Your Brain Your brain contains three main parts: Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain Stem

The Parts of Your Brain

The Cerebrum The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. In fact, your large cerebrum is what separates you from all other animals. Your cerebrum is responsible for your higher mental functions such as thinking, problem solving, understanding speech, and using words. Your cerebrum is divided into four parts, called lobes: Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe

The Cerebrum Parietal lobe Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe

The Cerebrum: Frontal lobe The Frontal lobe is involved in Reasoning Planning Problem-solving Emotions Speech Personality Frontal lobe

The Cerebrum: Parietal lobe The Parietal lobe is involved in Senses such as temperature, taste, pressure, touch, and pain Language Parietal lobe

The Cerebrum: Occipital lobe The Occipital lobe is involved in: Visual processing Occipital lobe

The Cerebrum: Temporal lobe The Temporal lobe is involved in Auditory perception (hearing) Memory Speech Temporal lobe

The Cerebrum The commonly-used terms “left-brained” and “right-brained” refer to the two hemispheres (halves) of the cerebrum. Although both sides are involved in all of the activities previously mentioned for the lobes, brain research shows that the left side is used more for language and logical processing (math and science), while the right side is used more for visual and intuitive processing (creativity). Damage to the cerebrum, such as from a stroke, can result in a wide variety of symptoms, depending upon the location and severity of the damage.

Cerebral Hemispheres

Cerebral Hemispheres Which are you?? Left-brain Right-brain quiz: http://braintest.sommer-sommer.com/en/

The Cerebellum Makes up about 10% of the brain’s total weight, but contains about half of the brain’s neurons (cells). Regulates voluntary muscular movements such as posture, balance, coordination, speech, and smooth and balanced muscular activity. Damage to the cerebellum probably would not result in paralysis or affect the intelligence of the person, but could lead to lack of balance, slower movement, and tremors (shaking).

The Cerebellum

The Brain Stem The brain stem is made of three different parts (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata), however, you will not be required to know the names of these. All of the parts of the brain stem together are responsible for vital life processes. These are the processes that keep you alive. The processes include: Heart rate Breathing Sleeping Eating Blood pressure Sleep/wake Swallowing

The Brain Stem

Use these websites to help you label your pictures of the brain. http://askabiologist.asu.edu/parts-of-the-brain http://askabiologist.asu.edu/brain-regions

DO NOW FRIDAY Write what you think a traumatic brain injury is.

LEARNING TARGETS To describe the structure and function of the brain.

What is Traumatic Brain Injury? Traumatic brain injury (TBI) refers to damage to the brain caused by an external physical force such as a car accident, a gunshot wound to the head, or a fall. A TBI is not caused by something internal such as a stroke or tumor, and does not include damage to the brain due to prolonged lack of oxygen (anoxic brain injuries).

Protecting the Brain The brain is composed of extremely delicate, soft tissue floating in a clear fluid within the skull. Under the skull there are three layers of membranes that cover and protect the brain. The fluid, called cerebrospinal fluid (or CSF) along with the membranes (spinal meninges) and skull, help to cushion and protect the brain. However, when there is sudden speeding up and/or slowing down, such as in a car crash or fall, the brain can move around violently inside the skull, resulting in injury.

Why is it important to wear a helmet? http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/thats-you-wear-helmet-cyclist-6531840 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olPmaGPSQVc

Helmet Lab Activity Purpose: To design a “helmet” that protects the “brain” and understand how injury may impact brain functioning

Your Model Your model for this activity will be an egg. The shell = skull The yolk = brain The white = CSF The egg has been glued to a piece of egg carton for stability.

Procedures Your group may use up to 5 different materials for your helmet. You will drop your egg in front of the class from a 30 cm height. Constraints: Helmet has to stay on the “head” during the impact. Helmet has to prevent “skull” from cracking. Helmet can’t cover “eyes”. Helmet can’t fall apart/must be reusable.

DO NOW MONDAY Tell which part of the brain performs the following functions: Thinking Understanding language Vital life processes Voluntary movements Vision Memory Hearing Balance

DO NOW Write down what you know about the brain.

PLAN DO LEARNING TARGETS Describe the structure and function of the brain. DO PowerPoint Notes over the Brain Color and complete Brain pictures