The Fall of Satan from Paradise Lost John Milton

Paradise Lost Book I Invocation and introduction of poem's theme An account of Satan's revolt and expulsion from Heaven Dialogue between Satan and Beelzebub The other devils' rallying around Satan - the demonic host listed Satan's speech to the legions (about the creation of man) The building of Pandemonium

Overview “Of Man’s first disobedience, and the fruit Of that forbidden tree, whose mortal taste Brought death into the world, and, all our woe, With the loss of Eden, till one greater Man Restore us, and regain the blissful seat,(1-5) refers to original sin of Adam and Eve brought humans death for the first time With original sin, humans lost home in Paradise and must now wait ofr Jesus to come and restore humankind to its former glory.

Overview “Sing, Heavenly Muse… That shepherd, who first taught the chosen seed In the beginning how the Heavens and Earth Rose out of Chaos…” (6-10) not asking for tradition Greek muse asking for Holy Spirit to inspire him as he did Moses to write the Ten Commandments and Genesis Milton’s muse is the Holy Spirit, which inspired the Christian Bible, not one of the nine classical muses who reside on Mount Helicon—the “Aonian mount” of I.15 By invoking the Holy Spirit as his muse, he indicates that his epic poem will surpass other epic poetry- referring to Virgil and Homer His poem will be of more importance to humans The entire poem is from a Christian perspective- invoking the Holy Spirit is Christain Greek mythology would reside in Hell for its beilef in many gods As dose Dante in the Inferno

Overview His poem will be better than all other classical writings Reason for writing “And justify the ways of God to men” (26). Why God permits humans to suffer and die His poem will tell of the epic battle between God and Lucifer better than Virgil and Homer Virgil and Homer tell of battles- Milton writes about the most important battle to humans His poem is for all human kind; therefore, far superior

Disobedience of Adam and Eve “Say first, for Heaven hides nothing from thy view, Nor the deep tract of Hell, say first what cause Moved our grand parents in that happy state, Favored of Heaven so highly, to fall off From their Creator, and transgress his will For one restraint” (27-32). God saw the transgression of Adam and Eve Questions how this came about

Disobedience of Adam and Eve “Who first seduced them to that foul revolt? The infernal Serpent, he who was, whose guile, Stirred up with envy and revenge, deceived The mother of mankind, what time his pride Had cast him out from Heaven, with his host Of rebel angels…” (33-38). Satan corrupted God’s plan out of vengeance God allows evil to exist in order that good may arise from it Satan thrown out of Heaven by God He is to blame for original sin

Satan He wanted to be like God Rebelled and was punished “To set himself in glory above his peers, He trusted to have equaled the Most High, If he opposed; and with ambitious aim Against the throne and monarchy of God, Raised impious was in Heaven and battle proud With vain attempt.”(39-44) Milton begins Paradise Lost in the middle of things “en meda Res” Most epic poems begin this way He begins the story with Satan and Beelzebub already in hell.

Satan and Hell “Him the Almighty Power Hurled headlong flaming from the ethereal sky With hideous ruin and combustion down To bottomless perdition, there to dwell In adamantine chains and penal fire Who durst defy the Omnipotent to arms” (44- 49). Thrown out into depths of hell by God lies banished in hell – defeated by God Needs to fins a purpose for himself and his followers Will suffer from eternal pain and suffering

Hell Milton uses darkness and imagery to indicate the horridness of Hell “fiery gulf (52) “dungeon horrible” (61) “No light, but rather darkness visible” (63) “discover sights of woe” (64)

Hell “Regions of sorrow, doleful shades, where peace And rest can never dwell, hope never comes That comes to all; but torture without end Still urges… Such place Eternal Justice had prepared For those rebellious, here their prison ordained In utter darkness, and their portion set As far removed from God and the light of Heaven” (65-73). Physical torment- fiery yet dark Physiological pain “doom” “Lost happiness” “dismay” Eternal punishment Light and dark imagery

Beelzebub “He soon discerns, and weltering by his side One next himself in power, and next in crime, Long after known in Palestine, and named Beelzebub” (78-81). Second in power under Satan

Satan Bemoans their place in Hell “’If thou beest he- but O how fallen! How changed From him, who in the happy realm of light Clothed with transcendent brightness didst outshine Myriads though bright- if he whom mutual league, United thoughts and counsels, equal hope And hazard in the glorious enterprise, Joined with me once, now misery hath joined In equal ruin: into what pit thou seest From what height fallen!” (84-91) Tells Beelzebub he has been transformed for the worse by God’s punishment Mourns heaven when he sees the state of Beelzebub Does not repent for his rebellion

Satan “…so much the stronger proved He with his thunder; and till then who knew The force of those of those dire arms?” (92-94). Did not realize the strength and power of God

Satan Sees himself as the enemy of God “Yet not for those, Nor what the potent Victor in his rage Can else inflict, do I repent or change,” (95-97). “Innumerable forces” Two “powers” Engage in “dubious battle” Heaven as a “lost field” God is Satan’s “lost foe” “eternal war” (93-124) Presents them as his army Diction represents war Sees himself and God as generals of two opposing armies Says that even though he has been defeated (potent victor) by God, he will never surrender maybe indicate another revolt?? Army

Satan “the unconquerable will, And study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yield: And what is else not to be overcome?” (106-109) Driving force for Satan God was upset by the battle- he was uncertain about the outcome

Satan Will continue for eternity “since by fate the strength of gods And this emerged substance cannot fail, Since through experience of this great event, In arms not worse, in foresight much advanced, We may with more successful hope resolve To wage by force or guile eternal war Irreconcilable to our grand Foe, Who now triumphs, and in the excess of joy, Sole reigning holds the tyranny of Heaven.” (116-124)

Satan Will wage war against God’s tyranny God in heaven rejoicing Take action once again

Beelzebub’s Response “That with sad overthrow and foul defeat Hath lost us Heaven, and all this mighty host In horrible destruction laid thus low, As far as gods and heavenly essences Can perish…/ Here swallowed up up in endless misery.” (135-142).

Beelzebub's Response Doubtful Can we overpower God and his supremacy? Realizes the horridness of their situation

Beelzebub's Response “That we may so suffice his vengeful ire, Or do him mightier service as his thralls By right of war, whate’er his business be, Here in the heart of Hell to work in fire, Or do his errands in the gloomy deep? What can it then avail, though yet we feel Strength undiminished, or eternal being TO undergo eternal punishment?” (148-155).

Beelzebub’s Response Questions if they are still slaves of God’s Their punishment in hell is to do God’s bidding in hell

Satan’s Response “to be weak is miserable” (157) “To do aught good never will be our task, But ever to do ill our sole delight As being the contrary to his high will Whom we resist” (158-162). Only commit deeds of evil God cannot control that His evil will equal God’s goodness

Satan’s Response “Seest thou yon dreary plain, forlorn and wild, The seat of desolation, void of light, Save what the glimmering of these livid flames Casts pale and dreadful?” (180-183) Satan’s perspective of Hell He realizes the horror of it and is repelled by it

Satan’s Response “And reassembling our afflicted powers, Consult how we may henceforth most offend Our Enemy, our own loss how repair, How overcome this dire calamity, What reinforcement we may gain from hope, If not, what resolution from despair.” (186-191) Satan’s plan of action Seek vengeance for the offence

Satan “Prone on the flood, extended long and large, Lay floating many a rood, in bulk as huge As whom the fables name of monstrous size, Titanian or Earth-born, that warred on Jove, Briareos or Typhon whom led the den By ancient Tarus held, or that sea-beast Leviathan, which God od all his works Created hugest that swim the ocean stream.” (195-202) Indicates the hugeness and vastness of Satan Compared to Titans and giants from Greek Mythology The Titans, also known as the elder gods, ruled the earth before the Olympians overthrew them. The ruler of the Titans was Cronus who was de-throned by his son Zeus. Most of the Titans fought with Cronus against Zeus and were punished by being banished to Tartarus. During their rule the Titans were associated with the various planets. Jupiter (Latin: Iuppiter) or Jove is the king of the gods and the god of sky and thunder BRIAREOS was one of the Hekantonkheries, three ancient storm giants with a hundred hands and fifty heads apiece. Briareos was more specifically a god of sea storms. He married Poseidon's daughter Kymopoleia ("Wave-Ranging") and made his home on the floor of the Aegean Sea. His two brothers, on the other hand, guarded the gates of the storm-pit Tartaros. Briareos' name was derived from the Greek word briaros meaning "stout" or "strong." TYPHOEUS (or Typhon) was a monstrous immortal storm-giant who was defeated and imprisoned by Zeus in the pit of Tartaros. He was the source of devastating storm winds which issued forth from that dark nether realm. Later poets described him as a volcanic-daimon, trapped beneath the body of Mount Aitna in Sicily. In this guise he was closely identified with the Gigante Enkelados. Taurus represents the bull-form taken on by Jupiter when he became enamored of Europa, princess of Phoenicia. Leviathan, Hebrew Livyatan, Destruction of Leviathan, engraving by Gustave Doré, 1865.in Jewish mythology, a primordial sea serpent. Its source is in prebiblical Mesopotamian myth, especially that of the sea monster in the Ugaritic myth of Baal (see Yamm). In the Old Testament, Leviathan appears in Psalms 74:14 as a multiheaded sea serpent that is killed by God and given as food to the Hebrews in the wilderness. In Isaiah 27:1, Leviathan is a serpent and a symbol of Israel’s enemies, who will be slain by God. In Job 41, it is a sea monster and a symbol of God’s power of creation.

Satan “…this is the seat That we must change for Heaven, this mournful gloom For that celestial light? Be it so, since he Who now is sovereign can dispose and bid What shall be right: farthest from him is best, Whom reason hath equaled, force hath made supreme Above his equals.” (243-249) Accepts his new placement and wants to reign sovereign Happy to have his own kingdom to rule Proves he is God’s equal Pride “Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven” (263) Eager to rally his forces- needs support to rebel against God

Epic Simile Something in the poem is compared to something quite outside the poem Compares Satan to Titans and Greeks from mythology (196-208) Compares his landing to smashing of a hill or volcano which create an explosive force (230-237)