Group Four Seeded, vascular plants (ex: angiosperm)

Group 4: Flowering Plants Angiosperms (flowering plants) Flower = reproductive structure Attract animals to help spread pollen Forms fruit to protect and spread seeds Seeds Grow inside the fruit Inside the seed 1. Embryo 2. Endosperm (Food supply)

Seed Dispersal Fruit brightly colored Attracts animals Seeds pass through animals digestive system Seeds pooped in a new area to grow Fruit seeds in fox poop

Angiosperm Groups 2 groups: Based on seed type Cotyledon: embryonic leaf Two Categories: Monocots: embryo with 1 seed leaf Dicots: embryo with 2 seed leaves

Monocots vs. Dicots Know this one Know this one Know this one ehh Know

Apple Tree: Monocot or Dicot? 2 1 3 Net-like veins 4 5

Monocot or Dicot? 2 1 3 4 6 5

Monocot or Dicot?

Monocot or Dicot?

Monocot or Dicot? Veins run parallel

Monocot or Dicot? Veins run parallel

Monocot or Dicot? Veins branch outward

Angiosperm Life Spans Three Life Span Types: 1) Annuals 2) Biennials Seed grows… Produce flowers & seeds… Die 2) Biennials 1st year: Seed grows and stores food 2nd year: grows more… makes flowers & seeds… dies 3) Perennials Live for more than 2 years May take decades to grow fruit

Flowers Reproductive structure of angiosperms Sepals outer ring of leaves protection Petals Inner ring of leaves Brightly colored to attract pollinators Male and female organs found inside petals sepals

Tulip Pistil and Stamen female male

Lily Pistil and Stamen female male

Pistil and Stamen female male

Pistil and Stamen female male

Flowers Stamen (male) Carpel/Pistil (female) Anther: tip of stamen, produces pollen (sperm) Filament: supports anther Carpel/Pistil (female) Inner most part Stigma: sticky tip, collects pollen Style: tube leading from stigma to ovary Ovary: found within the base of a flower Contains eggs Grows into fruit when fertilized

Self-Pollination (A flower’s own pollen fertilizes its own egg/eggs) . . .

Cross-Pollination (Pollen of one flower fertilizes egg/eggs of another flower) . . .

Angiosperm Life Cycle 1. Pollen sticks to animal (pollinator) or is released into wind.

1. Pollen sticks to animal (pollinator) or is released into wind.

Let’s zoom in and look inside the ovule 2. Animal (pollinator) finds new flower to feed on & pollen grains land on the stigma = pollination 3. Pollen tube grows towards the ovary and 2 sperm transfer down into the ovule .. Let’s zoom in and look inside the ovule egg

4. Angiosperms go through the process of double fertilization. 1 sperm fuse with the egg = zygote 1 sperm fuse with the 2 polar nuclei = triploid (3n) endosperm Ovule inside ovary Pollen tube Double Fertilization Endosperm (3n) Zygote 2 polar nuclei Egg

6. The surrounding ovary grows into a fruit. 5. Each ovule becomes a seed. Endosperm Seed Coat Embryo Ovule inside ovary 6. The surrounding ovary grows into a fruit.

7. Flower dries up and fruit falls to ground.

8. Animals eat fruit….seeds come out the other end…

10. Seed germinates (sporophyte), and the cycle starts over. 9. Seeds get dispersed. 10. Seed germinates (sporophyte), and the cycle starts over. Ground

Plant type Gametophyte Sporophyte Dominant Phase? Flowers (Angiosperm) Seedless nonvascular (Moss) More familiar, carpet-like plant that produces specialized gametes XX - Archegonium XY – Antheridium Stalk with cup at tip, which is where spores are produced. GAMETOPHYTE Seedless vascular (Fern) Haploid plant body (prothallus) is size of a finger nail, produces both male and female parts More familiar, leafy plant with clusters of spore producing sacs (sori) SPOROPHYTE Seeded vascular Gymnosperm (Conifer) Pollen grains are male gametophytes develop into sperm, female gametophytes are microscopic produce eggs More familiar- like pine trees, produces male and female cones that produce spores Flowers (Angiosperm) Pollen grains are male gametophytes  2 haploid cells = pollen tube + sperm Female gametophyte in ovule  egg + 2 polar nuclei More familiar - apple tree, peach tree, zucchini, berries, etc. Contain flowers that produce male and female spores