Oriental History Intro

Orient concept Role of sociology and anthropology in oriental society image formation People expansion and the Neolithic Revolution Topics

Orient concept Differences in geographical meaning Civilization meaning Historical and Cultural meaning Orient concept

Orient concept Greco-Persian Wars V B.C. Herodotus  ἱστορία: East-West opposition Aristotle IV B.C.  Politics: Tyranny characteristic for Orient (Despotic Monarchy) Orient as a Holy Land (Middle Ages) Orient as a space remote in time (XVIII AD) Orient concept

West and East opposition on the power- property base: The West - private property, the East - communal property The Orient as an image for identification Orient concept

A Phenomenon of Developing country

Role of Anthropology in Shaping the Image of the Ancient society Lewis-Henri Morgan (Marriage and family) Bronisław Malinowski (coherence between the worldview and social organization) Marcel Mauss (potlatch)

Development of Anthropology Approach: Cabinet anthropology (Morgan) Field anthropology (Malinowski) Aim: Imperial (how to manage the new groups: the French Empire, the British Empire) Colonial (curiosity) Post-colonial (study) Development of Anthropology

The role of sociology in the images of an ancient society formation Karl Marx (Asiatic mode of production) Emile Durkheim (social solidarity, social cell) Karl August Wittfogel(«Oriental Despotism», «Hydraulic empire»)→ Leo.S. Vasiliev «power and property» The role of sociology in the images of an ancient society formation

People expansion and the Neolithic Revolution

James Henry Breasted’s Fertile Crescent

Neolithic revolution The fertility increase Increase of children survival rate Migration intensification New territories development Succession of habits between groups of people (the existence of a stereotypical behavior) Administration emergence Neolithic revolution