Substances and Mixtures Post Lab Sessions Activity 7, 8A & 8B

True or False? Mixtures are made up of two or more substances. Mixtures can be solids, liquids or gases. Mixtures are always homogeneous. Solutions have very small particles that the naked eye cannot see. Solutions have uniform appearance.

Activity 7 Seawater! See water and salt! distilled water

salt is seen on the dish

Bottomline! A mixture, whether heterogeneous or homogeneous, is made up of two or more substances.

How do we know that distilled water and salt are substances? What is the difference between a mixture and a substance?

Activity 8A Objectives assemble properly the setup for boiling; describe the change in temperature of a substance while boiling; describe the change in temperature of a mixture while boiling; differentiate between substance and mixture based on how temperature changes during boiling.

Distilled Water Salt Solution Appearance Temperature (0C) at start of Boiling Temperature (0C) after 30 sec 60 sec 90 sec 120 sec 150 sec

Distilled Water Salt Solution Appearance clear Temperature (0C) at start of Boiling Temperature (0C) after 30 sec 60 sec 90 sec 120 sec 150 sec

Distilled Water Salt Solution Appearance clear Temperature (0C) at start of Boiling 60 Temperature (0C) after 30 sec 90 60 sec 98 91 90 sec 99 103 120 sec 120 150 sec 130

Boiling Point of Distilled Water 150 140 130 120 110 100 Temperature (0C) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Time (sec) 10 30 60 90 120 150

Boiling Point of Salt Water 150 140 130 120 110 100 Temperature (0C) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Time (sec) 10 30 60 90 120 150

What’s the difference between substances and mixtures?

Substance has a definite boiling point, while a mixture has varying boiling points.

How can the varying boiling points in a mixture be explained? Different substances have different boiling points. Mixtures are made up of different substances. Therefore, each of the substances in a mixtures will boil at different temperature.

What is the boiling point of water? Water boils at 1000C. At what temperature will 50 mL of water boil? 50 mL of water will boil at 1000C.

The Water Problem Hicks prepared a liter of water and heated it until it boils. He got the temperature and read 1000C. He prepared 5mL of water and heated it until it boils. He predicts that the thermometer will also read 1000C when the water boils. Is his prediction correct? Propose an explanation for this using the result of Activity 8A.

Boiling point is an INTRINSIC PROPERTY! Water is a substance and thus, it has a definite boiling point. The boiling point will always be same no matter how much volume of water will be heated. Boiling point is an INTRINSIC PROPERTY!

What are intrinsic properties? An intrinsic property is a characteristic of matter that DOES NOT change according to quantity. The property will always be same no matter how much sample is present. Think of other intrinsic properties!

Meanwhile… Substance has a definite boiling point, while a mixture has varying boiling points.

Activity 8B Objectives assemble properly the setup for melting; describe the appearance of a substance while it is melting; describe the appearance of a mixture while it is melting; and differentiate between substances and mixtures based on how they appear as they melt.

Benzoic Acid – Salt Mixture Appearance

Benzoic Acid – Salt Mixture Appearance The sample melted completely after 1 minute. After 1 minute, some parts of the mixture did not melt.

Why didn’t the entire mixture melt? The melting point of benzoic acid is 122.40C. The melting point of salt is 8010C. Which part of the mixture did not melt in our experiment?

Substance has a definite melting point, while a mixture has varying melting points.

Summing up… Substance has a definite boiling and melting point, while a mixture has varying boiling and melting points.

Boiling Points of 2 Unknown Samples Sample A Sample B