** Emergence of Realism -the inadequacies of idealist’s approach. (understanding the cause of war and finding remedy) the theory of realism that become dominant after the second World War ** What is Realism?? the state which is the key actor in international politics must pursue power. the importance of the survivor of the state. sceptical of universal moral principles.

@ Dual moral standard- different kind of morality (internal and external) * Three Ss- three core elements in Realism statism survival Self-help

state is the principle actor in international relations Statism - state is the legitimate representative of the collective will of people. state is the principle actor in international relations - anarchy exist in outside of the states. there is no central authority in international realm. Struggle for power. cf) domestic politics described as a hierarchic structure

Survival -the first priority for the state is to ensure the survival of the state. the core national interest of all states must be survival. Power is core factor for survival. Self- help -the principle of action in an anarchical system. states should rely heavily on themselves for security. balance of power.- equilibrium of power. Ex)) Athens Vs. Sparta.

Various Realism. Historical Realism- take action to ensure political survival, change is continuous process. Structural Realism1- it is human nature that explains why international politics is necessarily power politics. Structural Realism 2- the anarchic structure of the international system caused a conflict. Liberal Realism – possibility to coexist with other states. ++ all kinds of Realism share a common set of propositions ++

** The Essential Realism. ## Statism -state is the main actor -sovereignty means that the state has supreme authority to make enforce laws. only after power has been organized, community can begin.(people trade their liberty in return for a guarantee of security) on the outside of state insecurity,threats and dangers exist. the competition (more for one actor means less for another) the first move of the state is to organize power domestically, and the second is to accumulate power internationally. (struggle for power)

definition of power – focus on the ability of a state to control or influence its environment. ## Survival In international politics, the ultimate goal is survival. The concern of states is for security and power. Defensive realist – the requisite amount of power to ensure their own survival. Offensive realist – to achieve a hegemonic position. Niccolo Machiavelli – ‘The Prince’ - should conquer neighbouring states before they attack you. - Moral bankruptcy of realism

ethics of responsibility : different moral and political rules between domestic and international politics. ## Self-help security can be realized through Self- help. In anarchic structure, self-help is necessarily the principle of action.( Kenneth Waltz) Security dilemma : one quest for security is often another’s insecurity. It is difficult to trust one another. Balance of power : to weaken the dilemma established through the interaction of the states is not stable( the absence of trust among states) The construction of regimes : co-operation

Do you think Realism is ‘timeless truth’ about politics??? ** Conclusion -the end of the World War weaken the Realism. there is no more powerful example than Realism Do you think Realism is ‘timeless truth’ about politics???

International Relations I17005 Kim Soo Jeong What is Realism?? International Relations I17005 Kim Soo Jeong