SOUTHERN POPULATION I. Big Planters in the South A. Owned at least 20 slaves

B. Big planters held all the power even though they were less than 25% of white southern population

II. Yeoman Farmers in the South A. Yeomen farmers owned their own land and usually had 1 or 2 slaves.

B. Unlike planters, yeoman farmers worked along side their slaves.

C. Yeoman farmers were 70% of the white Southern population

D. Even though small farmers did not own slaves, they were supporters of the slave system. Small farmers hoped to be big planters one day.

III. Poor whites A. Both planters and yeoman farmers looked down on the lowest class of white southerners.

B. These poor whites made up less than 10% of white Southern population. C. Poor whites owned no land and often worked on the land of others.

III. African Americans in the South A. Most African-Americans were slaves 1. In most areas of the South, slaves were outnumbered by whites 1 slave to 2 white people

2. Slaves had no education, no vote, and no power in the South

B. Free Blacks in the South 1. By 1860 more than half of all free African-Americans lived in the South. 2. Most free African-Americans lived in the few Southern cities

3. Free African-Americans faced discrimination by southern white society.

C. Slave codes 1. Southern states passed laws that made living in the south very difficult for both slaves and free blacks. These laws took away the basic rights of African Americans living in the South.

2. Some examples of slave codes include: a. It was illegal to teach an African-American to read or write. b. African-Americans could not own property

c. African-Americans could not leave their owners land without a written pass d. African-Americans could not gather in large groups

In the margin of your notes, draw a ladder with 5 rungs In the margin of your notes, draw a ladder with 5 rungs. Label each rung with a population group that we have discussed. The rungs should be labeled in order with the group with the most money and power at the top.

Open your textbook to page 435 Open your textbook to page 435. Use the pie graphs at the top of the page to help you answer the following questions.

What percentage of Southern Population owned slaves? Of this, how many slaveholding households owned more than 100 slaves? 1% 1%

25% 72% 34% How many slaveholders owned 10-49 slaves? How many slaveholders owned fewer than 10 slaves? What percent of the Southern population were slaves? 25% 72% 34%

Southern Economy

Southern economy was based on agriculture, not industry Southern economy was based on agriculture, not industry. Most of southern economy revolved around farms and plantations.

I. Cotton Trade A. The biggest cash crop grown in the south was cotton. By the 1820s, the South was termed “The Cotton Kingdom.” B. Great Britain became the south’s biggest buyer of cotton.

C. The cotton gin 1. The cotton gin helped make cotton production much faster by mechanizing the removal of the cotton fibers from the seed. 2. The cotton gin meant that more cotton could be processed faster.

3. Southern planters needed more slaves to grow more cotton to be processed in the faster cotton gins. Therefore one of the results of the cotton gin was an increased need for slave labor.

II. Southern Factories A. Southern factories revolved around producing cotton. B. There were much fewer factories in the south than in the north.

III. Southern cities A. Large cities in the south grew up around port cities that shipped cotton. B. Port cities had factories that processed cotton and businesses that were involved in trading cotton around the world.