Geography of the Middle East

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Presentation transcript:

Geography of the Middle East

Tricontinental Junction: An Introduction Chapter 1 Tricontinental Junction: An Introduction - Middle East as tricontinental hub between Europe, Asia, & Africa - Birthplace of three monotheistic religions - Geopolitical significance - Base of extensive empires - Resource area for most of the world’s oil

Place of explosive conflicts since World War II: - Arab-Israeli conflict (1947 – present) - Yemen Civil War (1960s) - Lebanon Civil War (1975-1991) - American Embassy hostage crisis (1979-1980) - Iran – Iraq War (1980-1988) - Gulf War I (1990-1991) - Afghanistan (2001 – present) - Gulf War II (2003 – 2011) - Arab Spring (2010 – present) - The Rise of ISIS (2013 – present) - The War in Syria (2011 – present) - Saudia Arabia’s & Iran’s proxy-war in Yemen (2012-present)

- Despite extensive reporting on the area, few media have offered in-depth, objective analysis of the Middle East’s complex patterns: - religions ? - peoples ? - cultures ? - politics ? - aspirations? - Why this lack of analysis? - Why the lack of objectivity?

as media sources fail to balance Middle East reporting, Americans often perceive the Middle East in negative terms - stereotypes and prejudices have roots as far back as the Crusades, and experienced vivid injection after 9/11 - the need to learn the fundamental geographical factors: - Middle East as “Cradle of Civilization” - Middle East as matrix for later Western- and Orient civilizations - Middle East as birthplace for three important religions - Middle East as preserver of the Hellenistic world - Middle East as remarkable commercial crossroads

Five contemporary facets dominate the world’s perception of the area: 1) unequaled petroleum sources 2) Arab-Israeli conflict, war in Syria, Arab Spring 3) terrorism and the rise of ISIS 4) rivalries among leaders and states 5) extremism among all religious groups

Defining the Middle East: - limits of region are variously conceived - terms such as “East”, “Near East”, “Far East”, or “Middle East” are ultimately Eurocentric - our textbook focuses on sixteen countries, from Egypt in North Africa to Turkey and Iran in SW- Asia What will the Middle East look like in 20 years?

NOW? THEN?