Chapter 5B Notes Exploring the Periodic Table West Valley High School General Chemistry Mr. Mata

Periodic Law Demonstrated in Groups Why do elements in groups have similar physical & chemical properties? Same number of valence e-’s in their outer energy levels. Similar e- configs of outer e-’s of elements within same group.

METALS METALLOIDS NONMETALS

ALKALI METALS +1

ALKALINE-EARTH METALS +2

HALOGENS -1

NOBLE GASES 0

TRANSITION METALS +1, +2, +3

INNER TRANSITION (Rare Earth) METALS

LANTHANIDES

ACTINIDES

PERIODS 7

GROUPS 18

MAIN GROUP ELEMENTS

Let’s Compare! Metals Nonmetals Metalloids Good conductors of heat & elect. Malleable Ductile Luster Solids at RT Solids, liquids & gases at RT Solids are brittle and dull Poor conductors of heat & elect. Properties of metals & nonmetals Mostly brittle solids Intermediate conductors of elect. - aka semiconductors

Distance between nuclei Atomic Radii Atomic radius – one-half distance between nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together. Atomic Radius Distance between nuclei

Period Trends Decreases across a period Higher effective nuclear charge – more protons being added to the nucleus at the same time electrons are being added to the same energy level

Group Trends Increase down a group Although more protons are being added to the nucleus going down a period, energy levels are also being added. The inner energy levels create a shielding effect from the attractive nuclear forces.

Atomic Radii Trends DECREASES DECREASES

Ionization Energy Energy required to remove one e - from neutral atom of an element (creates an ion). A + Energy  A+ + e-

Ionization Energy Trends INCREASES INCREASES

Electron Affinity Change in energy that a neutral atom undergoes when an e - is acquired. Ability to attract an e -.

Electron Affinity Trends INCREASES INCREASES

Ionic Radii Cation – positively charged ion Anion – negatively charged ion Removal of an e - creates an unbalanced positive charge . Addition of an e - creates an unbalanced negative charge . +

Ionic Radii Trends DECREASES DECREASES

Valence Electrons E -’s available to be gained, lost or shared in forming chemical compound. Located in the outer energy level.

Electronegativity Ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract a bonding pair of e -’s.

Electronegativity Trends INCREASES INCREASES

Chapter 5 SUTW Prompt Describe the properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids and how they are arranged on the Periodic Table of Elements. Complete an 11-13 sentence paragraph using the SUTW paragraph format. Hilight using green, yellow, and pink. Due Date: Monday, October 9th, 2017 at beginning of your regular class.