Hydronephrosis. A: Longitudinal scan from a patient with hydronephrosis due to chronic reflux. Numerous dilated fluid-filled spaces (calices) are seen.

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Hydronephrosis. A: Longitudinal scan from a patient with hydronephrosis due to chronic reflux. Numerous dilated fluid-filled spaces (calices) are seen as well as characteristic atrophy of the upper pole parenchyma (arrows). B: Longitudinal scan from a patient with moderate to marked hydronephrosis. Only a thin rim of renal parenchyma (arrows) remains. C: Longitudinal scan from a patient with chronic obstruction and marked hydronephrosis. No cortical tissue remains in this kidney. (Used, with permission, from Peter W. Callen, MD.) Source: Kidney Disease, Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2017 Citation: Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2017; 2016 Available at: https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/DownloadImage.aspx?image=/data/books/1843/cmdt17_ch22_ef002b.png&sec=135715131&BookID=1843&ChapterSecID=135715089&imagename= Accessed: October 29, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved