Heredity and Adaptation Teaching Slides, 2.1 Part 2 If you are using the PowerPoint slides, log in to your FOSSweb account on your internet browser. Then, cut and paste these links into your browser. Resources by Investigation provides access to all notebook masters, teacher masters, online activities, and video content: http://www.fossweb.com/resources-by-investigation?folioID=G4302820&parentID=G4302819 The eBook provides access to all FOSS Science Resources articles: http://www.fossweb.com/delegate/ssi-wdf-ucm-webContent/Contribution%20Folders/FOSS/ebooks/NG_Heredity_and_Adaptation_FB_SRB/index.html If you are using the PDF versions of the slides, simply log in to your FOSSweb account before starting; the embedded links will take you directly to the Resources by Investigation and the eBook. If you plan to use these slides offline, be sure to plan ahead and download the necessary duplication masters from the Resources by Investigation section of FOSSweb.

Science Log Q 3 week 9 Tuesday 3/7: Emma read that frog populations are decreasing over time in Washington. What data should be collected to determine whether the Pacific tree frog population is decreasing near her school? Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent

Classification Cards You are going to explore how these different kinds of animals might be related. Follow the steps in the FOSS Investigations Guide to guide students through the cladogram-building process. Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent Step 7

Classification Cards Sort the cards into groups that you think represent close relationships. Follow the steps in the FOSS Investigations Guide to guide students through the cladogram-building process. Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent Step 7

Classification cards Remember Alans family tree All organisms have family trees, not just people. We can represent how different kinds of organisms might be related using a model that is somewhat like a family tree. It is a branching diagram called a cladogram. A cladogram is a family tree of life on Earth. A cladogram is based on characteristics that a common ancestor passes on to its descendants. Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent

Review vertebrate information Teacher master Q, Cladogram Teacher master P, Model Analysis Chart Before you start working with the cladogram to answer questions about the animals, you need to start a model analysis chart for the cladogram on the back of master P Discuss in your groups what part of the real world you think the lines represent. Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent Steps 8, 11

Review vertebrate information Teacher master Q, Cladogram Teacher master P, Model Analysis Chart Teacher master R, Vertebrate Information Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent Steps 8, 11

Place cards on the cladogram A branch refers to one line that ends at the top of the diagram . How many branches does this cladogram have? Seven Pairs will work together using one copy of the Caldogram sheet and then transfer information to the other. There are 7 cards and 7 endpoints Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent

Place cards on the cladogram Quickly add tips to your model analysis charts and think back to the family tree to respond to this question. How do the lines and tips show who is most related? Look at the lines and where they connect. The first/second and third/fourth lines on the right are connected just below the pair, so they are probably closely related. Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent

Place cards on the cladogram On the far right of the diagram the two animals at the tips of these lines would be closely related. Look at your sorted cards and choose one pair that you think might be closely related. Place the two cards on the cladogram, above the rightmost two lines. Find a second pair of related animals to place above the next pair of lines. Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent

10. Continue placing cards How do the lines and tips show who is least related? Look at the lines and where they connect. The line on the far left has to go through a lot of connections to get to the tips/pairs on the far right. Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent

10. Continue placing cards The line tip to the far left represents an organism that is not as closely related to the pairs they have on the far right. Place an animal card that is least related to the animals you have placed on the right. Write the names of the animals in the parentheses at the tips of the lines. Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent

11. Vertebrate Set your hypothetical cladogram aside You’re going to look at other characteristics of the animals and then determine if your hypotheses should be revised. Master R vertebrate information Cladistics Table NBS 6 page 70 Transfer the vertebrate information to the table. Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent

12. Transfer vertebrate info to cladogram What do all the animals have in common? All are vertebrates; they all have backbones How can we represent that on the cladogram? Dark bar below the first intersection Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent

12. Transfer vertebrate info to cladogram What characteristic should go on the next bar? Bony skeleton Why did you select that characteristic? All the animals but one have that characteristic. Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent

13. Revisit original classification hypothesis. Revisit your original sort. Rearrange the cards according to the new information you have. Start on the left and write in the names of the organisms on your projected cladogram. Do not erase your original hypothesis. Cross them out and write the revised version above what you first thought. Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent

Interpret cladogram What do the alligator and bird have in common that other animals do not have? Two extra skull openings in their fossil skulls What do the human and rabbit have in common that other animals do not have? Hair What do the human, rabbit, bird, and alligator have in common? An amniotic egg, four limbs, a bony skeleton, and a backbone. Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent Step 14

Interpret cladogram Which characteristic does the shark share with the other animals on the cladogram? It is a vertebrate Which of these are most closely related? Bird and alligator, or bird and human, and how do you know? Bird and alligator; they branch off from the same point and share a characteristic that humans don’t have. How does using the model help you answer questions about relationships? Heredity and Adaptation Course, 2.1: Lines of Descent Step 14

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