Metabolic Pathways (e)

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Presentation transcript:

Metabolic Pathways (e) Describe the action of competitive inhibitors Describe the action of non-competitive inhibitors Describe the action of feedback inhibition Describe and identify the impact of each of the above on the rate of reaction and through a graph of results State how competitive inhibition can be reversed

Controlling metabolic pathways through Inhibition You have already learnt that metabolic pathways can be controlled by: Absence or presence of enzymes (by switching genes on or off) (since these can either stop or start a metabolic reaction) Substrate and end-product concentrations (since they can drive a metabolic pathway in a particular direction) Regulating the rate of reactions of enzymes through intra and extracellular signals AND now… Inhibitors!!

Controlling metabolic pathways through Inhibition An inhibitor is a substance that decreases the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction.

Controlling metabolic pathways through Inhibition There are 3 types of inhibition: Competitive Non-competitive Feedback inhibition

Competitive inhibition Video Competitive inhibition Substrate Inhibitor

However, enough substrate could lead to… or

Controlling metabolic pathways through Inhibition There are 3 types of inhibition: Competitive (binds to active site), Competitive inhibitors are similar in structure to the enzyme’s substrate. They compete with the substrate for the active site causing a reduction in reaction rate. Competitive inhibition can be reversed by increasing substrate concentration

Controlling metabolic pathways through Inhibition There are 3 types of inhibition: Competitive Non-competitive Feedback inhibition

Non-competitive inhibition Substrate Inhibitor

Non-competitive inhibition Video Non-competitive inhibition Substrate X

2. Non-Competitive Inhibition

2. Non-Competitive Inhibition (Allosteric sites)

2. Non-Competitive Inhibition (Allosteric sites)

Controlling metabolic pathways through Inhibition There are 3 types of inhibition: 2. Non-competitive (binds to allosteric site) Does not bind to the active site. Instead binds to a non active (allosteric) site and changes the shape of the entire enzyme molecule. Active site changes shape and can no longer combine with the substrate. Non-competitive inhibition cannot be reversed by increasing substrate concentration

Controlling metabolic pathways through Inhibition There are 3 types of inhibition: Competitive Non-competitive Feedback inhibition

X X X X 3. Feedback Inhibition Video Feedback inhibition occurs when an end product binds to an enzyme that catalyses a reaction early in the pathway. X X X X

Metabolic Pathways (e) Describe the action of competitive inhibitors Describe the action of non-competitive inhibitors Describe the action of feedback inhibition Describe and identify the impact of each of the above on the rate of reaction and through a graph of results State how competitive inhibition can be reversed

Key Area 6: Past Papers Paper Section Question 2016 1 4 2015 6 2 2a Specimen 3 Exemplar 7 YELLOW Booklet Paper (revised) Section Question 2015 1 10,11 2014 7,8 2 2013 7 2012 11 RED Booklet