Understand how moving ice acts as an agent of erosion and deposition. There are two types of glaciation. Alpine Glaciation Continental Glaciation

Distinguish between the terms alpine glaciation and continental glaciation.

Alpine Glaciation Alpine glaciers form high in mountain valleys; above the snow-line

C E D B A Alpine Glaciation

Continental Glaciation Continental glaciers cover parts of continental land masses; ex Greenland

Similarities Differences Distinguish between the terms alpine glaciation and continental glaciation. Similarities Both move and cause erosion Both change the landscape Both developed in constantly cold < 0 0C Differences Location Alpine = mountain Continental = earth poles Size Alpine = smaller Continental = larger

Define the terms outwash plain, terminal moraine, erratics, drumlins & eskers. These features are associated with continental glaciation.

Outwash plain Similar to a river delta Melt water flowing from the glacier deposits silt Deposited in layers Small particles carried further away Larger particles drop closer to the glacier Outwash plain

Outwash Plain

Continental…Outwash plain

Continental…Outwash plain

Continental…Outwash plain

Terminal moraine Heap or ridge of bulldozed gravel that marks the end of the forward motion of a glacier As glacier retreats it deposits debris/gravel P. 34

Continental…Terminal Moraine Outwash Plain

Continental…Terminal Moraine

Erratics Large boulders that were transported long distances and dropped They now sit in a region and look very much out-of-place.

Erratic

Erratic

Continental…Erratic Terminal Moraine Outwash Plain Erratic

Drumlins Egg or tear drop shaped hill Formed under glaciers Sloped or Pointy end points in direction of ice flow

Drumlins Formation Ice melts under glacier Deposits of gravel made Glacier moves forward Deposits are bull-dozed along and catches up in rough areas forming piles or drumlins.

Drumlin What direction did the glacier move?

Continental…Drumlin Drumlins Terminal Moraine Outwash Plain Erratic

Esker Long deposits of eroded glacial material Formed by sub-glacial streams that deposit material like all rivers. Highways of the North!!

Esker

Esker

Continental…Esker Drumlins Terminal Moraine Esker Outwash Plain Erratic

Examine evidence for the direction of movement of glaciers. Sloped, pointed, narrow end of drumlin Location of terminal moraine What is direction of glacier movement in this picture?

Define the terms cirque, arête, hanging valley, horn, Define the terms cirque, arête, hanging valley, horn, lateral, medial and terminal moraine. These features are associated with alpine glaciers

Alpine glaciers Alpine glaciers are like very slow moving rivers of ice flowing down high mountain valleys.

Cirque a circular hollow cut into bedrock during glaciation Side and back walls are steep but front wall opens downward

Cirque - How formed? Alpine glacier freezes onto mountain valley As it proceeds it plucks rock from the mountain top leaving the cirque shape.

C E D Cirque B

Cirque

Arête Steep, jagged, narrow, knife-edged ridge between two cirques or glacier valleys.

Arete C E D Cirque B A

Arête

Truncated Spur Blunt-ended ridge of rock jutting from the side of a glacial trough, or valley

Arete C E D Cirque B Truncated spurs A

Horn or Pyramidal Peak is a mountaintop (peak) that has been modified by the action of ice during glaciation.

Arete C Horn E D Cirque B Truncated spurs A

Horn

Hanging Valley A high level tributary valley from which the ground falls sharply to the level of the lower, main valley. The depth of the lower valley is due to more severe glaciation. Most noticeable once glacier has melted!

Hanging Valley

Hanging Valley

Hanging Valley in Newfoundland Hanging Valley in Gros Morne National park Trout River pond

Lateral Moraine Moraine means 'rock waste'.It is also known as glacial till Lateral Moraine is the land-form deposited at the side of a glacier Debris/waste rock drops off the side of the mountain as the glacier moves forming a ridge of debris at the outer-sides of the glacier.

Lateral Moraine Lateral Moraines

Kaskawulsh Glacier St. Elias Mtns - Arctic

Terminal Moraine deposits that mark the farthest extent of the glacier Good indicator of the direction or movement of the glacier as well.

Alpine Glaciation Terminal Moraine

Medial Moraine This is a ridge of rock waste found along the middle of the floor of a u - shaped valley. It occurs when two glaciers meet, two lateral moraines unite to form a medial moraine.

Medial Moraine Medial Moraine

Medial Moraine Medial Moraine

Alpine Glaciation

Kaskawulsh Glacier St. Elias Mtns - Arctic

Describe how fiords are formed. Alpine Glaciers erode troughs & valleys in the mountain Glacier valley reaches the coast. 3. Glacier melts and sea water floods the valley

Fiord A glacially eroded or modified U-shaped valley that extends below sea level and connects to the ocean… filled with seawater.

Gross Morne - Fiord

Fiord in Norway Norway is well known for its abundant fiords

D B C A

Continental Glacier