17) Ranunculaceae Caryophyllid Clade 24) Viscaceae Rosid Clade Asterid Clade 18) Papaveraceae Eudicots (Tricolpates)

25) Saxifragaceae 27) Vitaceae 28) Geraniaceae Eurosids I 39) Onagraceae Eurosids II 26) Crassulaceae Rosid Clade

25) Saxifragaceae Saxifrage Family Herbs Leaves alternate, often basal; stipules absent Flowers perfect, in racemes or cymes, rarely solitary Sepals 4 or 5; petals 4 or 5, often clawed Stamens 3-10 Ovary superior to inferior A diverse family

Saxifaga spp.

Saxifaga stolonifera

Heuchera sanguinea

Mitella diphyllla

Parnassia fimbriata

26) Crassulaceae Succulent herbs and shrubs, with Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) Unarmed (sharp thingies absent) Leaves usually simple, fleshy Sepals 4 or 5, separate or connate (fused); Petals 4 or 5, separate or connate (forming a tube) Carpels 4 or 5, separate or fused at the base only, each carpel subtended by a nectar producing gland

Examples Crassulaceae Sedum Crassula (stonecrop, jade tree) Kalanchoe (mother of thousands – shown here)

Crassula spp.

Crassula argentea

Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri

Kalanchoe marmorata

27) Vitaceae Grape Family Usually lianas with leaf-opposed tendrils (modified inflorescences) that attach by twining or by adhesive discs. Leaves simple to palmately or pinnately lobed or compound. Inflorescence terminal but appearing to be lateral due to sympodial growth (axillary bud takes over as main axis) Sepals, petals and stamens 4-6 Carpels 2, connate; ovary superior Fruit a berry Seeds with a “chalazal knot”

Vitis aestivalis

Vitis rotundifolius

Parthenocissus quinquifolia – Virginia Creeper