Stages in the accumulation of pulmonary edema fluid

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Unit Seven: Respiration

Advertisements

Date of download: 6/1/2016 Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Effect of changing hydrostatic pressure on the distribution of.

Date of download: 6/21/2016 From: The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(6): doi: /

Lung Histology Objective To describe the gross anatomy and structure of lung tissue.

Patterns of chronic H pylori infection with respect to acid production and pathology. Left: Acid hyposecretion. H pylori infection of the stomach body.

Inverse sigmoidal relationship between parathyroid hormone (PTH) release and the extracellular calcium concentration in human studies (upper panel) and.

Schematic drawing of a Nissl-stained motor neuron

(A) Serum antibody and antigen levels in hepatitis A and hepatitis B

Congestive Heart Failure

An above-knee artificial leg invented by Ambroise Paré (mid-16th century). (From Paré A: Oeuvres Complétes, Paris, 1840, with permission from the National.

(Copied with permission from: Latson, L. A. , & Prieto, L. R. (2007)

Mechanisms of production of atheroma

The importance of surface tension

Pathophysiology of esophageal reflux disease

In certain patients with the long QT syndrome, potassium channel function is reduced (diagonal arrows), which leads to prolongation of the action potential.

Stages in the development of type 2 DM from a pre-diabetic, insulin-resistant state. As insulin sensitivity decreases, insulin-mediated glucose disposal.

Complement reaction sequence and infections associated with deficiency states. (Redrawn, with permission, from Nairn R. Immunology. In: Brooks GF et al,

Pathogenesis of bone diseases in chronic kidney disease

Patterns of chronic H pylori infection with respect to acid production and pathology. Left: Acid hyposecretion. H pylori infection of the stomach body.

CH 22 Lower Respiratory Anatomy

Nine patterns of inflammatory skin disease. (See also Table 8–1.)

Diagnostic algorithm for normocytic anemia.

Relation of H pylori infection to upper GI tract conditions

Hypothetical distribution of test results for healthy and diseased individuals. The position of the "cutoff point" between "normal" and "abnormal" (or.

Diagram of events in the cardiac cycle

Negative-feedback control systems

Interrelationships among renal function, Na+ intake, water homeostasis, distribution of extracellular fluid volume, and mean arterial blood pressure. Pathophysiological.

Mechanisms leading to Down syndrome

Internal hemorrhoids. (Used, with permission, from John Cello, MD.)

Pathophysiology of ischemia-induced acute kidney failure

Dynamic airway compression

Subdivision of conducting airways and terminal respiratory units

Various symptoms of pituitary tumor

In diastolic dysfunction, the diastolic pressure-volume relationship is shifted upward and to the left (dashed line), which leads to an elevated left ventricular.

Hydronephrosis. A: Longitudinal scan from a patient with hydronephrosis due to chronic reflux. Numerous dilated fluid-filled spaces (calices) are seen.

Organizing pneumonia (OP)

Hypothalamic, pituitary, and adrenal cortical relationships

Biosynthesis and metabolism of testosterone

Initial lymph capillaries are microscopic, one-way vessels that begin “blindly” in the interstitial spaces. The black arrows indicate blood flow, and white.

Pulmonary sarcoidosis

In supraventricular tachycardia, the QRS is narrow because the ventricles are depolarized over the normal specialized conduction tissues (light blue region).

Structural interdependence of alveolar units

Diagram of events in the cardiac cycle

Other Important Topics

Pathophysiological alterations leading to neuronal injury during bacterial meningitis. BBB, blood-brain barrier; CBV, cerebral blood volume. (Redrawn,

Proposed pathogenesis of Graves disease

6.4 Notes on Ventilation and Lung Structure

Hypothalamic, pituitary, and adrenal cortical relationships

(Adapted and reprinted with permission, from Hughes JM et al: Effect of lung volume on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow in man. Respir Physiol.

Relationship of Down syndrome to maternal age

Aortic insufficiency (regurgitation)

Model for the histological and genetic progression from normal cells (far left) through pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions (center),

Mean rates of insulin and glucagon delivery from an artificial pancreas at various blood glucose levels. The device was programmed to establish and maintain.

(Copyright © 1977 American Diabetes Association. Marliss EB et al

Down syndrome (DS) critical region

(A) Serum antibody and antigen levels in hepatitis A and hepatitis B

Role of cobalamin (vitamin B12) and folic acid in nucleic acid and myelin metabolism. Lack of either cobalamin or folic acid retards DNA synthesis (A)

Likelihood of fragile X–associated mental retardation syndrome in an artificial pedigree. The percentages shown indicate the likelihood of clinical manifestation.

(b) Higher magnification shows the relationship of the many rounded, thin-walled alveoli (A) to alveolar ducts (AD). Alveolar ducts end in two or more.

During ventricular systole, the stroke volume ejected by the ventricle results in some forward capillary flow, but most of the ejected volume is stored.

Posteroanterior chest x-ray film in a man with acute pulmonary edema resulting from left ventricular failure. Note the bat’s wing density, cardiac enlargement,

Chest radiograph cardiac enlargement, with prominence of the pulmonary artery, right atrium, and right ventricle, in a patient with primary pulmonary hypertension.

(Redrawn, with permission, from Chandrasoma P, Taylor CR

Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis

Ventilator Management in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit

Respiratory System Goals of respiration are to provide

Respiratory System 5 December 2018 Respiratory System.

Structures of the Respiratory System (Continued)

Gas Transfer (Diffusion of O2 and CO2)

GAS EXCHANGE AND GAS TRANSFER

Presentation transcript:

Stages in the accumulation of pulmonary edema fluid Stages in the accumulation of pulmonary edema fluid. The three columns represent three anatomic views of the progressive accumulation of pulmonary edema fluid. From left to right, the columns represent a cross section of the bronchovascular bundle showing the loose connective tissue surrounding the pulmonary artery and bronchial wall, a cross section of alveoli fixed in inflation, and the pulmonary capillary in cross section. The first stage is eccentric accumulation of fluid in the pericapillary interstitial space. The limitation of edema fluid to one side of the pulmonary capillary maintains gas transfer better than symmetric accumulation. When formation of edema fluid exceeds lymphatic removal, it distends the peribronchovascular interstitium. At this stage, there is no alveolar flooding, but there is some crescentic filling of alveoli. The third stage is alveolar flooding. Note that each individual alveolus is either totally flooded or has minimal crescentic filling. This pattern probably occurs because alveolar edema interferes with surfactant and, above some threshold, there is an increase in surface forces that greatly increases the transmural pressure and causes flooding. (Redrawn, with permission, from Nunn JF. Nunn’s Applied Respiratory Physiology, 6th ed. Copyright Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005.) Source: Pulmonary Disease, Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine, 7e Citation: Hammer GD, McPhee SJ. Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine, 7e; 2013 Available at: https://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/DownloadImage.aspx?image=/data/books/961/ham007_fig_09-25.gif&sec=53629747&BookID=961&ChapterSecID=53555690&imagename= Accessed: October 29, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved