Hydrogen Safety in Transportation: Industry Perspective Christine Sloane International Conference on Hydrogen Safety Round Table Panel Discussion Pisa, Italy 7 – 10 September 2005

Areas where standards for fuel cell vehicles differ from conventional electric vehicles fuel cell stack (electrical isolation) fuel handling system (leak) fuel storage system (unintended release) refueling vehicle-level crash performance standards vehicle-level crash performance standards system-level performance standards interface-to-infrastructure prescriptive standards Hydrogen Storage System Fuel Cell Power Module Hydrogen Fuel Handling System * Fuel Cell = rechargeable (refuelable) battery

Solution: performance standards What do we want from Codes & Standards? -- to be ready in the 2010 – 2015 timeframe Public safety Commercial feasibility Infrastructure compatibility International consistency Rapid entry of new technology Risk: premature & prescriptive standards slow advances Solution: performance standards

Performance Standards Require demonstration of safe performance under cumulative extremes of potential use design validation manufacturing validation (periodic or batch test) same requirement regardless of materials used same requirement regardless of method of construction explicit linkage to extremes of potential use & exposure Example: Vehicle Crash Test vehicle hits barrier at specified speed & angle required performance: impact on passengers fuel release

Potential Rollout of FCV Standards & Rulemaking Concept Cars Is it real? Demo Cars Can we do it? Pre-Commercial Is it viable? Production # vehicles worldwide 10s 100s 1000s Critical mass Guidelines & Best Practices technology advances & evaluation Interim Specs Industry Standards validation & experience EU nations UN ECE FMVSS & UN GTR US-NHTSA ISO SAE Rule Making Economy of scale = cost Regulations commercial feasibility Focus on global design = quality & less time

Validating Technology for the Road Washingon,DC GM fleet Tokyo JHFC FedEx Demo 9700 kilometers DOW 1MW Berlin CEP Demo U.S. Postal Service

Validating Refueling Methods

Thank you