Old Testament Historical Books Part 1

Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Pentateuch Historical Books Poetic Books Prophetic Books Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1st&2nd Samuel, 1st&2nd Kings, 1st&2nd Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Eccles., Song of Solomon Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Minor Prophets

Moses dies Joshua takes the land

Jericho 

Ai  Jericho  Gibeon 

Joshua 10:1-2 Now it came about when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai, and had utterly destroyed it (just as he had done to Jericho and its king, so he had done to Ai and its king), and that the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were within their land, that he feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, like one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all its men were mighty.

Confederation of Kings from the South  Ai Jericho   Gibeon  Descent of Beth Horon  Ai Jericho   Gibeon  Jerusalem Hebron Lachish Eglon Jarmuth Confederation of Kings from the South

Joshua 10:11 And it came about as they fled from before Israel, while they were at the descend of Beth-horon, that the Lord threw large stones from heaven on them, as far as Azekah, and they died; there were more who died from the hailstones than those whom the sons of Israel killed with the sword. ~yIm;V'h;-!mi

Ai Jericho  Gibeon Jerusalem Lachish Hebron Descent of Beth Horon Eglon Jarmuth Descent of Beth Horon  Azekah

Joshua 10:12-13 Then Joshua spoke to the Lord in the day when the Lord delivered up the Amorites before the sons of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, "O sun, stand still at Gibeon, And O moon in the valley of Aijalon." So the sun stood still, and the moon stopped, Until the nation avenged themselves of their enemies. Is it not written in the book of Jashar? And the sun stopped in the middle of the sky, and did not hasten to go down for about a whole day.

Joshua 10:14 And there was no day like that before it or after it, when the Lord listened to the voice of a man; for the Lord fought for Israel.

 Hazor Madon Shimron Achshaph

Hazor

Initial Appeal: Preparations to take the Land (1-5) Joshua Initial Appeal: Preparations to take the Land (1-5) Closing Appeal: Living in the Land (22-24) Conquest of the Land (6-12) Distribution of the Land (13-21)

Genesis & Joshua A Culmination of Promise Genesis ends with a promise of the bones of Joseph Joshua ends with the fulfillment of that promise

Deliverance Sin The Sin Cycle Judgement Repentance “The LORD raised up a deliverer.” Deliverance “The Israelites did evil in the sight of the LORD.” Sin The Sin Cycle “The LORD sold them into the hands of their enemies” Judgement “And when the sons of Israel cried out to the LORD…” Repentance

Sin Deliverance Judges Judgement Repentance Ehud Deborah Gideon “The Israelites did evil in the sight of the LORD.” Sin “The LORD raised up a deliverer.” Deliverance Judges Ehud Deborah Gideon Jephthah Samson “The LORD sold them into the hands of their enemies” Judgement “And when the sons of Israel cried out to the LORD…” Repentance

Prologue in two parts (1-2) Othniel Narrative (3:7-11) Ehud Narrative (3:12-31) Judge is social outcast Oppressors from east of the Jordan Deborah/Barak Narrative (4-5) Woman slays enemy with blow to head Gideon Narrative (6:1 – 8:32) Abimelech Narrative (8:33 – 10:5) Woman slays enemy with blow to head Jephthah Narrative (10:6 – 12:15) Judge is social outcast Oppressors from east of the Jordan Samson Narrative (13-16) Epilogue in two parts (17-21)

Judges 17:6 In those days there was no king in Israel; every man did what was right in his own eyes. Levite from Bethlehem becomes a priest to the people of Dan 17:1 19:1 Concubine from Bethlehem murdered in Gibeah and sparks war against tribe of Benjamin

Hill Country of Ephraim  Gibeon  Gibeah Jebus (Jerusalem)   Bethlehem

Judges 17:6 In those days there was no king in Israel; every man did what was right in his own eyes. Levite from Bethlehem becomes a priest to the people of Dan 17:1 19:1 Concubine from Bethlehem murdered in Gibeah and sparks war against tribe of Benjamin Ruth and Naomi return to Bethlehem where Ruth has grandfather of David Ruth

Ruth Naomi’s Bitterness (1) Naomi’s Blessing (4:13-21) Ruth discovers a potential kinsman redeemer (2) Boaz acquires right to be a kinsman redeemer (4:1-12) Boaz agrees to be a kinsman redeemer (3)

Samuel Saul Judge Tribe of Benjamin Prophet City of Gibeah Priest Anointed as King

 Jabesh-gilead And he took a yoke of oxen and cut them in pieces, and sent them throughout the territory of Israel by the hand of messengers, saying, “Whoever does not come out after Saul and after Samuel, so shall it be done to his oxen.” (1 Samuel 11:7)  Gibeah AMMON

1 Samuel 15:1-3 1 Then Samuel said to Saul, "The LORD sent me to anoint you as king over His people, over Israel; now therefore, listen to the words of the LORD. 2 "Thus says the LORD of hosts, 'I will punish Amalek for what he did to Israel, how he set himself against him on the way while he was coming up from Egypt. 3 Now go and strike Amalek and utterly destroy all that he has, and do not spare him; but put to death both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey.'"

Israel Amalekites

1 Samuel 15:22 And Samuel said, “Has the LORD as much delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices As in obeying the voice of the LORD? Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, And to heed than the fat of rams.”

1 Samuel 15:23 "For rebellion is as the sin of divination, And insubordination is as iniquity and idolatry. Because you have rejected the word of the LORD, He has also rejected you from being king."

1 Samuel 15:27-28 27 And as Samuel turned to go, Saul seized the edge of his robe, and it tore. 28 So Samuel said to him, "The LORD has torn the kingdom of Israel from you today, and has given it to your neighbor who is better than you.

David’s Rise to Power The Goliath Incident Growing Popularity Fugitive

So the Philistines gathered together and came and camped in Shunem; and Saul gathered all Israel together and they camped in Gilboa. (1 Samuel 28:5). Shunem  Mount Gilboa

Endor  Philistines Armies of Israel

1 Samuel 28:11-12 Then the woman said, “Whom shall I bring up for you?” And he said, “Bring up Samuel for me.” When the woman saw Samuel, she cried out with a loud voice; and the woman spoke to Saul, saying, “Why have you deceived me? For you are Saul.”

1 Samuel 28:13-14 And the king said to her, “Do not be afraid; but what do you see?” And the woman said to Saul, “I see a divine being [Elohim] coming up out of the earth.” And he said to her, “What is his form?” And she said, “An old man is coming up, and he is wrapped with a robe.” And Saul knew that it was Samuel, and he bowed with his face to the ground and did homage.

1 Samuel 28:18-19 “As you did not obey the Lord and did not execute His fierce wrath of Amalek, so the Lord has done this thing to you this day. Moreover the Lord will also give over Israel along with you into the hands of the Philistines, therefore tomorrow you and your sons will be with me. Indeed the Lord will give over the army of Israel into the hands of the Philistines!”

1 Samuel 31:6 Thus Saul died with his three sons, his armor bearer, and all his men on that day together.

David as King King over Judah King over Israel Capital in Jerusalem   Hebron JUDAH

ASSYRIA Solomon’s Kingdom EGYPT

1 Kings 4:25 Dan  So Judah and Israel lived in safety, every man under his vine and his fig tree, from Dan even to Beersheba, all the days of Solomon.  Beersheba

And it came about when the priests came from the holy place, that the cloud filled the house of the LORD, 11 so that the priests could not stand to minister because of the cloud, for the glory of the LORD filled the house of the LORD. (1 Kings 8:11-12).

1 Kings 11:1-2 Now King Solomon loved many foreign women along with the daughter of Pharaoh: Moabite, Ammonite, Edomite, Sidonian, and Hittite women, 2 from the nations concerning which the LORD had said to the sons of Israel, “You shall not associate with them, neither shall they associate with you, for they will surely turn your heart away after their gods.” Solomon held fast to these in love.

1 Kings 11:3-4 And he had seven hundred wives, princesses, and three hundred concubines, and his wives turned his heart away. 4 For it came about when Solomon was old, his wives turned his heart away after other gods; and his heart was not wholly devoted to the LORD his God, as the heart of David his father had been.

1 Kings 11:30-31 Then Ahijah took hold of the new cloak which was on him, and tore it into twelve pieces. And he said to Jeroboam, “Take for yourself ten pieces; for thus says the Lord, the God of Israel, ‘Behold, I will tear the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon and give you ten tribes.’”

1 Samuel 15 1 Kings 11 Matthew 27 Mark 15 Luke 23 Samuel & Saul Saul tears Samuel’s robe and it is used as a picture of the kingdom being torn from Saul 1 Kings 11 Ahijah & Jeroboam Ahijah tears his robe and gives 10 pieces to Jeroboam to illustrate how the kingdom will be torn apart Matthew 27 Mark 15 Luke 23 Jesus on the Cross The veil of the temple is torn from top to bottom to show the way to the kingdom of God has been opened

Dan ISRAEL Samaria   Penuel  Shechem Bethel  JUDAH

Southern Kingdom of Judah Category Northern Kingdom of Israel 19 Kings, 1 Queen Kings 19 Kings Jerusalem Capital Shechem/Samaria Judah & Benjamin Tribes Ten Northern Tribes Most were unstable; some were good, some were bad Legacy of Kings All were bad; Ahab and Ahaziah were idol worshipers Conquered by Babylon in 586 B.C. Fall Conquered by Assyria in 721 B.C. Returned to the land Return No Return

Sidon  SIDON ISRAEL Ethbaal (Itto-Baal) OMRI Israel Jezebel Ahab Judah

Sidon  Now Elijah the Tishbite, who was of the settlers of Gilead, said to Ahab, “As the Lord, the God of Israel lives, before whom I stand, surely there shall be neither dew nor rain these years, except by my word.” (1 Kings 17:1). Israel Judah

Yahweh Baal Elijah Ahab Who will you serve? Sidon  Mount Carmel Israel Judah

An Outline of 1st & 2nd Kings

SIDON ISRAEL JUDAH Ethbaal (Itto-Baal) OMRI ASA Jezebel Ahab Jehoshaphat Ahaziah Joram Athaliah Jehoram Ahaziah Joash

• Nineveh • Jerusalem Jonah's World

Assyrian Terror Tactics

Samaria

2 Kings 17:6 In the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of Assyria captured Samaria and carried Israel away into exile to Assyria. and settled them in Halah and Habor, on the river of Gozarx and in the cities of the Medes.

2 Kings 17:7-8 Now this came about, because the sons of Israel had sinned against the Lord their God, who had brought them up from the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and their had feared other gods 8 and walked in the customs of the nations whom the Lord had driven out before the sons of Israel, and in the customs of the kings of Israel which they had introduced.

Hezekiah’s Reformation Religious Reform Envoys from Merodach-Baladan Revolt against Assyria Hezekiah’s Tunnel

2 Kings 19:35-36 Then it happened that night that the angel of the Lord went out, and struck 185,000 in the camp of the Assyrians; and when men rose early in the morning, behold, all of them were dead. So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed and returned home, and lived at Nineveh.

Taylor Prism “As for Hezekiah, the Jew, who did not submit to my yoke, 46 of his strong walled cities, as well as the small cities in their neighborhood, which were without number, by escalade and bringing up siege engines... Himself, like a caged bird, I shut up in Jerusalem, his royal city.

Reform under Josiah Religious Reform Fall of Assyria

Scythians Carchemish  Medes Assyria Megiddo  Babylon EGYPT

Scythians Carchemish  Medes Assyria Megiddo  Babylon EGYPT

And he burned the house of the LORD, the king's house, and all the houses of Jerusalem; even every great house he burned with fire. (2 Kings 25:9).

Prophetic Perspective: Judgments Kings Chronicles Prophetic Perspective: Judgments Priestly Perspective: Hope Wars Prominent Temple Prominent History of thrones History of Davidic line Israel & Judah Mostly Judah Morality Redemption

The Prophet of Social Justice 610 600 590 580 570 560 550 540 530 Babylonian Captivity Return from Exile Kings of Judah Amos Jerusalem & Temple Destroyed Joel? Zephaniah The Prophet of Social Justice Daniel Jeremiah Habakkuk Obadiah? Ezekiel

Lydians Medes Persians Babylon 

Ezra 1:2-3 Thus says Cyrus king of Persia, “The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth and He has appointed me to build Him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. 3 Whoever there is among you of all His people, may his God be with him! Let him go up to Jerusalem which is in Judah and rebuild the house of the LORD, the God of Israel; He is the God who is in Jerusalem.

Ezra 1:4 “Every survivor, at whatever place he may live, let the men of that place support him with silver and gold, with goods and cattle, together with a freewill offering for the house of God which is in Jerusalem.” Cyrus the Great

Permission given to rebuild The Temple Cyrus the Great Haggai & Zechariah prophesy and urge construction to begin again Cambyses Construction halted Permission given to rebuild

Permission given to rebuild The Temple Cyrus the Great Darius the Great Cambyses Construction halted Permission given to rebuild Permission given to complete

1st Return under Zerubbabel & rebuilding Temple Ezra 1-6 Ezra 7-10 538-516 B.C. Events of Book of Esther Book of Esther 473 B.C. 2nd Return under Ezra 458-457 B.C. 3rd Return under Nehemiah & rebuilding walls Book of Nehemiah 445-444 B.C.

The Esther Narrative

Cast of Characters Esther (also known as Hadassah). Ahasuerus: Xerxes Mordecai & Haman

The Narrative A new queen Mordecai saves the king Haman’s jealousy A plan for ethnic cleansing Plea to Esther Haman’s plan The king’s plan Esther’s revelation The Jewish deliverance

Esther 9:24 For Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the adversary of all the Jews, had schemed against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is the lot, to disturb them and destroy them.

Haman Mordecai A descendant of Agag (Esther 3:1), the king of the Amalekites whose life Saul spared in disobedience to the command of God. From the tribe and family of Saul (Esther 2:5). The enemy of the people of God The savior of the people of God

Points to Ponder Esther is the book of God’s Providence The Success of Haman’s plot would also exterminate the seed through which the Messiah would come This book reminds us that God works in the lives of both the great and the small

A Picture of Christ The Story The Picture Esther was the virgin bride who married the king. The church is the spotless bride who marries the King The king’s former wife had been displeasing and had been set aside. The natural branches were broken off due to unbelief.

A Picture of Christ The Story The Picture Haman plotted against Mordecai and against all the Jews. Satan has set himself against Christ and against all men Mordecai convinces Esther to intercede on behalf of her people. Jesus Himself interceded on behalf of His church.

A Picture of Christ The Story The Picture Esther agrees to intercede after the people have fasted for three days. Christ interceded on our behalf and then was in the grave three days. Haman plans to have Mordecai executed for not bowing down to him. Jesus was tempted by Satan to worship him; Satan’s attack culminated in the cross.

A Type of Christ The Story The Picture Haman met his end on the gallows he had intended for Modecai. Christ intentionally went to the cross that was prepared for us. In both cases, that which looked like certain death and defeat was turned into ultimate victory.