U.S foreign policymakers include…….
The President..
Chief diplomat Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces Appointing ambassadors* Appointing Cabinet heads* Appointing other executive officials* Making executive agreements Negotiating treaties*
Treaties Appointments The Senate to approve…
The House and Senate together possess the power to declare war.
War Powers Act Vietnam War started without a formal declaration of war. President continued to send in troops. Lots and lots of issue and protest. So now President can send in troops for an issue that require urgent action but has to tell Congress within 48 hours. Then Congress has to vote to approve or disapprove the action within 60 to 90 days—meaning declare war!
Members of Congress with the most influence include…. Leaders of President’s Party Chairs of key Committees: Foreign Affairs Armed Services Intelligence
National Security Establishment Secretary of Defense and the Pentagon Joint Chiefs of Staff National Security Council Central Intelligence Agency
The Department of State is under the direction of the Secretary of State.
“Foggy bottom” employs 27,700 and staffs U. S “Foggy bottom” employs 27,700 and staffs U.S. consulates and embassies in 300 overseas posts. State
Defense is under the direction of Secretary of Defense Ash Carter
Department of Defense Headquartered at the Pentagon
Joint Chiefs of Staff headed by Chairperson Joseph Dunfield USMC Chairman Chairman
Representing: Army, Air Force, Navy
National Security Council Older version Secretary of Defense Robert Gates NSA James L. Jones Secretary of State Clinton Secretary of Treasury Timothy Geithner Chairr, Joint Chiefs Adm. Michael Mullen Vice-President
The CIA (“the Company” plays a role. Director : John Brennan
CIA Headquarters, Langley Virginia
“Players” include… Think tanks Interest Groups Public opinion Institute of Policy Studies (liberal) Brooking Council on Foreign Policy (Centrist) Heritage Foundation, CATO Institute (Conservative) Interest Groups Public opinion
“Players” generally exclude the judicial branch.
Players generally exclude the public: