Exploration and Settlements Standard 8-1.2

7 motives for Exploration Curiosity Wealth Fame National Pride Religion Foreign goods Faster, Cheaper Trade Routes

Why America? Curiosity Wealth/Gold Fame National Pride – create an empire Religion- spread Christianity Foreign Goods – silks, spices from Asia Faster, Cheaper Trade Routes – $$$

Claiming Land in South Carolina Spain, France and England vied for a foothold in South Carolina. Spain and France initially were not successful in their attempts to lay claim to the area.

San Miguel de Gualdape Settlement Founded by Spain First European settlement inside what is now United States territory. Founded by Lucas Vazquez de Ayllon. Located along the Waccamaw River near present day Georgetown African slaves from Santo Domingo were also present.

San Miguel de Gualdape Settlement Approximately 600 colonists joined Ayllon Approximate location of their landing is the Peedee River area off the lower Waccamaw River in South Carolina. Did not find any Natives with whom to trade, so the settler relocated off the coast of Georgia. A cold winter and disease led to the abandonment of the colony.

MAP The Waccamaw River is approximately 140 miles long. It drains area of approximately 1,110 square miles in the coastal plain. along it’s upper course it is a slow-moving blackwater river surrounded by vast wetlands, passable only by watercraft such as a canoe. Along the lower course it is surrounded by sandy banks and old plantation homes.

The first attempt by the French to settle in southeastern United States. Stream line video-Palmetto

Visiting Charlesfort and Santa Elena You can visit site of Charlesfort/Santa Elena any time of the year. A small on-site exhibit explains the history of Santa Elena and points out some of the more interesting facts about the place and its inhabitants. Located nearby, the Parris Island Museum offers an in-depth exhibit relating to the history of the site and its surroundings.                                                                                                                   Throughout the year, archaeologists engage in continuing research at Parris Island and provide visitors with the chance to see an excavation in progress. Volunteers JoAn and David Jordan excavating features while visitors watch.        Maps and more...

History of the French Settlement 1562 two vessels departed from France commanded by Jean Ribault, a Huguenot. Headed for Spanish Florida Entered the St. John’s river near modern Jacksonville, Florida. Headed north towards the southern coast of SC.

Ribaut named the garrison Charlesfort, for the 12-year-old French king, Charles IX One month later, Ribault was on his way back to France but he left behind 27 men in a small outpost called Charlesfort, somewhere in Port Royal Sound. The men chosen to remain at Port Royal included gentlemen, soldiers, and mariners, according to Ribault’s own account. Albert de la Pierria, an experienced soldier was placed in command.

Pottery Pieces Recovered from Charlesfort dig. Archeological Dig Charlesfort Orista Indian talking with Early French settler.

Over the next three weeks, the 150 men on Ribault’s ships constructed a fort. A strong house constructed of wood and earth with a straw roof and was constructed inside the walls of the fort to serve as a storehouse and barracks. A small boat was left for the use of the garrison.

The small group of men left in Charlesfort were struggling to survive. The food was soon depleted and additional supplies were not available from the local Indians of Orista. Several men sailed south to Georgia to obtain supplies from the Guale Indians. Shortly after their return, the strong house burned to the ground destroying their food and all of the material possessions of the men. In a single day, with the help of local Indians, the strong house was rebuilt. However, the patience of some of the men had begun to dissipate.

MUTINY With limited supplies and little hope that Ribault would ever return, the men of Charles Fort mutinied and killed Captain Albert. Mutineers built a ship and left their post. The ship was built with wood and pitch which were obtained from the surrounding forests. Spanish moss was used to caulk the hull. Cordage was provided by the Indians. Sails were made from shirts and sheets of the Frenchmen.

Setting Sail Set sail in the spring. Difficult crossing-winds died in the middle of the voyage and food supplies were soon exhausted. Resorted to consuming their shoes and other leather gear in an effort to stay alive. Men began to die. Finally, mutineers decided they must kill one of their own and consume his body to survive. Captain Barre and the other survivors did complete their journey.

San Felipe (Modern Day-Parris Island) Established by the Spanish Built on the abandoned settlement of Charlesfort. Survived 10 years until it was attacked by Native Americans. Survivors fled to St. Augustine, Florida.

Albemarle Point

The English Set Sail

Albemarle Point Albemarle Point Charles Towne Landing was the site of the first permanent European settlement in the Carolina province. Approximately 148 colonists, including men, women and children, landed at Albemarle Point the first Wednesday in April 1670. The colony had to quickly establish homes, food and defenses to survive and create a successful colony.

                                                 Crop Garden The Charles Towne Landing Experimental Crop Garden tries to follow the same 1670 instructions given to Captain Joseph West, the leader of the Carolina expedition. The original Crop Garden, the Lords Proprietors’ Plantation, was not located within the original Fortified colony. This garden was located across the Old Towne Creek and connected to Charles Towne by a wooden foot bridge. The Lords Proprietors’ Plantation was surrounded and protected by another palisade wall, the Star Fort.

Fortified Area The Fortified Area was the protective boundaries of the original settlement. The colonists were instructed to fashion defenses that would allow for the colony to easily defend itself. Palisade Wall Entering Charles Towne settlement in 1670 you traveled by boat, our front door was located at Albemarle Point where the ADVENTURE is moored. Land side defense was the Palisade Wall. The Palisade was a wooden fence of sharpened logs with a ditch to the front to prevent access by hostile Native Americans who were allied to the Spanish.

SC-Importance to British Trade with Native Americans was successful. Furs and deerskins from Native Americans traded for beads, trinkets, guns and alcohol. Cattle raised in the colony were sold in the Caribbean. Pine trees from SC were a source of pitch and tar (naval stores) which the British Used for making ships watertight.

SC Importance-British Rice grown along the coastal areas of the colony became knows as “Carolina Gold”. *****(video-”When Rice was King”)***** ****Native Americans were forced into slavery and were sent to the Caribbean. This ruined a good relationship with the Native Americans. *****

First Carolina Settlers The first settlers were Englishmen who emigrated from the British colonies in Barbados. Others came from France, Switzerland, Germany, Scotland and Ireland. Settlers came from diverse religious backgrounds, including French Huguenots seeking religious freedom and Jewish settlers. The largest group of migrants came against their will from Barbados and Africa as slaves.

South Carolina Early Government Carolina was a proprietary colony-an individual or group of people received ownership of the land from the king. Early government was controlled by the Lords Proprietors-wealthy investors who were granted land by the king. Proprietors charged settlers a quitrent (This was an annual payment, a token amount, by a landowner to the grantor of the land ) but proprietor had to make payments to the king.

South Carolina Early Government Lords Proprietors controlled the government through a governor and Grand Council which included representatives of the proprietors, the Carolina elite and a smaller representation of the common people of the colony. Later South Carolina became a royal colony under the control of the king who appointed a royal governor.

Immigration to New World Headright system-in order to encourage immigration, huge tracts of land were given to settlers in the colony. Every person who paid their passage to the New World received land. Wealthy individuals who paid the passage of others received their tracts of land. This led to the establishment of the plantation system.

Immigration (cont.) Slaves were critical because they provided a cheap and dependable source of labor. Slavery made the large plantations successful and made the plantation owners very wealthy. A well developed slave system came from the British West Indies with the original English settlers.

A Final Word The colony of South Carolina had rich natural resources that also contributed to the development of the plantation system. SC had an abundance of fertile land which made growing various cash crops profitable. SC had a mild climate SC had many waterways. Waterways were an excellent means for transporting cash crops to market.

The End