Waves & Energy Transfer

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Waves & Energy Transfer

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Presentation transcript:

Waves & Energy Transfer

Waves Waves: The transfer of energy through matter or space caused by a disturbance. There are two types of waves- transverse waves & longitudinal waves.

Waves Types Transverse wave: the direction of motion of the medium is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the wave

Waves Types Longitudinal wave: the direction of motion of the medium is parallel to the direction of motion of the wave

Waves Characteristics Medium- the material through which the wave travels The medium can be air (sound), water (ocean), spring (lab), vacuum (light).

Waves Characteristics Amplitude- the maximum displacement of the medium from equilibrium Wavelength (l)- the shortest distance between points where a wave pattern repeats itself

Waves Characteristics frequency- the number of complete waves that pass a point per second period- the shortest time interval during which the motion repeats itself

Waves Characteristics velocity of a wave = wavelength x frequency v = l * f The speed of mechanical waves does NOT depend on amplitude nor the frequency. It depends on the properties of the medium. (e.g. depth of water, temperature of the air, elasticity of material, etc.)

Waves Properties There are four properties of waves that are true for both transversal and longitudinal waves. Reflection Refraction Diffraction Interference

Waves: Reflection at Boundaries occurs when a wave reaches a boundary of a medium most of the wave is transmitted if the media are similar if the difference is great, most of the wave energy will be reflected if the new medium is more dense, the reflected wave will be inverted

Waves: Reflection Law of Reflection: the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. These angles are measured from the normal (perpendicular). Law of Reflection: the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

Waves: Refraction Refraction: the change in the direction of waves at the boundary between two different media.

Waves: Diffraction Diffraction: the spreading out of waves around the edge of a barrier.

Waves: Interference Constructive Interference: occurs when wave displacements are in the same direction Node- a point of undisplaced medium. Antinode- point of maximum displaced medium.

Waves: Interference Destructive Interference: occurs when wave displacements are in opposite directions.

Waves: Interference Unlike waves coming into contact with matter, when waves pass by each other, the wave energy is transmitted through each other without losing energy.

Waves: Interference http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/applets/fourier.html http://www.ap.stmarys.ca/demos/content/osc_and_waves/wave_interference/wave_interference.html http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/voice/movies/normal.mov http://www.scienceshareware.com/wave-interference_OV.htm

Waves: Interference http://webphysics.davidson.edu/Applets/Ripple/Ripple.html http://www.mitedu.freeserve.co.uk/Downloads/download.htm http://www.ngsir.netfirms.com/englishhtm/Interference.htm

http://library.thinkquest.org/19537/java/Doppler.html