Honors Civics and Citizenship The Judicial Branch Honors Civics and Citizenship
Vocabulary Jurisdiction Original Jurisdiction Appellate Jurisdiction Authority to hear a case Original Jurisdiction Hearing a case first Appellate Jurisdiction Power vested in particular courts to review and/or revise a decision
Vocabulary Brief Precedent Rule of 4 Document containing the legal written arguments of a case filed before the trial begins Precedent Prior decision that serves as a rule for decided future similar cases Rule of 4 4 Supreme Court Justices must vote to consider a case
Vocabulary Strict Constructionist Judicial Activism Interpreting the Constitution as it was originally written and intended by the Framers Judicial Activism Judges should use their power broadly to further justice
Vocabulary Defendant Plaintiff The accused The person who filed the suit
Judiciary Act of 1798 Legislation that created the 3-tiered court structure Supreme Court Court of Appeals District Court
1 million fillings per year Dual Court System U.S. Supreme Court Highest State Courts 75-80 cases per year 95,000 cases per year U.S. Court of Appeals State Intermediate Appellate Courts 60,000 cases per year 300,000 cases per year U.S. District Courts State Trial Courts 350,000 cases per year 1 million fillings per year
District Courts Trials with juries Where most cases begin
Appellate Courts Review cases after they have been appealed Losing side appeals They do not hold trials 3 judge bench Options Uphold the original ruling Reverse the original ruling Send the case back to be tried again
Appellate (Circuit) Courts
The Supreme Court Highest court in the U.S.A Original jurisdiction 2 or more states diplomats from foreign countries Hears cases that have been appealed
Marbury v. Madison & Judicial Review Teacher Tip: anything written in italics is a court case Marbury v. Madison established Judicial Review The power of the Court to review acts done by the Legislative and Executive branches https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KwciUVLdSPk
Federal Court Jurisdiction Constitution Has a Constitutional right been violated? AMENDMENTS! Federal Law Tax evasion Bank robbery Kidnapping
Federal Court Jurisdiction Disputes between States Ex. borders Parties from Different States Ex. Minnesota man cheats an Iowa man out of a deal in a contract Must involve $50,000
Federal Court Jurisdiction Admiralty and Maritime Laws Crimes and accidents on the HIGH SEAS! Ex. pirate gold in the ocean off the U.S. coast
Federal Court Jurisdiction The Federal Government U.S. government can take people/companies to court People/companies can take U.S. government to court Ex. government vehicle hits you in traffic
Federal Court Jurisdiction Cases with Foreign Governments U.S.A (gov’t, person, company) has an issue with another country Cases with U.S. Diplomats U.S. diplomat in Moscow is accused of breaking an American law.