UNIT 10 Chapter 31 – THE VIETNAM WAR Chapter 30 – AN ERA OF ACTIVISM

America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 30: An Era of Activism Section 1: The Women’s Movement Section 2: Ethnic Minorities Seek Equality Section 3: The Counterculture Section 4: The Environmental and Consumer Movements

Presidents of the United States George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841) James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) James Garfield; Republican (1880) #21 - … Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884) Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892) William McKinley; Republican (1896) Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901) William Howard Taft; Republican (1908) Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912) Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920) Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923) Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928) Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932) Harry S. Truman; Democrat (1945) Dwight D. Eisenhower; Republican (1952) John F. Kennedy; Democrat (1960) Lyndon B. Johnson; Democrat (1963) Richard Nixon; Republican (1968)

OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Examine the causes, effects, and impact of the Vietnam War and American culture surrounding it. Objective 10.7: What social changes were promoted by the counterculture? Objective 10.8: How did the environmental movement begin and what did it accomplish?

Chapter 30 SECTION 3 THE COUNTERCULTURE The United States entered the Vietnam War to defeat Communist forces threatening South Vietnam.

HOW ARE THESE GROUPS DIFFERENT? 1950’s: Prosperity, Security, Bland, and Orderly 1960’s: youth, spontaneity, peace, love, freedom, and individuality

WRITE THIS DOWN! THE COUNTERCULTURE In the 1960s, many young people adopted values that ran counter to, or against, the mainstream culture. These young people were considered members of the counterculture. Members of the counterculture, also called hippies, valued youth, spontaneity, and individuality. Personal appearance in the 1960s reflected counterculture views of rejecting restrictions and challenging authority. Long hair for both men and women and colorful, loose-fitting clothing were popular. Youths in the 1960s formed the largest generation in American history. As a result, they had an enormous impact on American society.

A NEW REVOLUTION The Sexual Revolution The Drug Scene WRITE THIS DOWN! A NEW REVOLUTION The Sexual Revolution Sexual conduct was one area in which youth sought freedom to make personal choices. Many youths experimented with new living patterns, including communal living and living as unmarried couples. The emergence of new views on sexual conduct was labeled “the sexual revolution.” The sexual revolution led to more open discussion of sexual subjects in the mainstream media. The Drug Scene The use of illegal drugs, especially marijuana, became widespread among youth during the 1960s. Proponents of psychedelic drugs, including researcher Timothy Leary, claimed that drugs could help free the mind. Drug use presented serious dangers. Some drug users, including several leading musicians, died of complications from drug overdoses.

WRITE THIS DOWN! ROCK MUSIC Music both reflected and contributed to the cultural changes of the 1960s. A new interest in folk music emerged among counterculture youth. Protest songs and songs that depicted the lives of ordinary people became popular. In 1964, a revolution in music called the British Invasion began. British rock groups, like the Beatles & Rolling Stones, gained popularity among American teenagers. Beatles: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dG6m9jcXkz4

WHAT VIETNAM IMAGERY IS BEING USED? HIPPIES - The Sixties: Sex, Drugs, Rock n’ Roll (29:00 – 34:50) WHAT VIETNAM IMAGERY IS BEING USED?

WRITE THIS DOWN! WOODSTOCK In August 1969, hundreds of thousands of people attended the Woodstock Music Festival in New York. The Woodstock festival became best known for the fellowship that many experienced The festival remained peaceful and under control despite the large crowds. Many adults viewed the counterculture as a childish reaction to the problems of the era. They disliked the rejection of traditional morals and values which counterculture youth adopted. They deplored the drugs, sex, and nudity that they saw at the Woodstock festival and around the country.

The Counterculture —Assessment Which of the following was characteristic of hippies? (A) Short hair for both men and women (B) Communal living (C) Opposition to illegal drug use (D) Traditional attitudes toward sexual conduct How did Woodstock and Altamont differ? (A) Woodstock remained peaceful while Altamont involved violence. (B) Altamont remained peaceful while Woodstock involved violence. (C) Altamont was an art festival while Woodstock was a music festival. (D) Woodstock received adult approval while Altamont did not.

The Counterculture —Assessment Which of the following was characteristic of hippies? (A) Short hair for both men and women (B) Communal living (C) Opposition to illegal drug use (D) Traditional attitudes toward sexual conduct How did Woodstock and Altamont differ? (A) Woodstock remained peaceful while Altamont involved violence. (B) Altamont remained peaceful while Woodstock involved violence. (C) Altamont was an art festival while Woodstock was a music festival. (D) Woodstock received adult approval while Altamont did not.

Chapter 30 SECTION 4 ENVIRONMENTAL & CONSUMER MOVEMEMTS The United States entered the Vietnam War to defeat Communist forces threatening South Vietnam.

PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT The environmental movement in the 1960s and 1970s demanded honesty and accountability from industry and government. One issue that the environmental movement took on involved use of pesticides, especially one known as DDT. In her book Silent Spring, naturalist Rachel Carson drew attention to the lasting effects of DDT and other chemicals. In response, the government placed tighter controls on pesticides, and lawmakers called for more research into lasting effects of chemicals. The Sixties: Time’s Are a Changin’ (18:48 – 22:50) WRITE THIS DOWN!

THE GOVERNMENT RESPONSE WRITE THIS DOWN! On April 22, 1970, Americans celebrated the first Earth Day to increase awareness of environmental issues. Grassroots environmental movements began to oppose the building of dams and nuclear power plants. In 1970, President Nixon established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA enforced the 1970 Clean Air Act and the 1972 Clean Water Act. The Clean Air Act was designed to control the pollution caused by industries and car. The Clean Water Act regulated wastewater and provided grants to build sewage-treatment facilities.

WRITE THIS DOWN! The Consumer Movement During the 1960s and 1970s, the consumer movement gained strength and popularity. Heightened interest was due to the actions of Ralph Nader, an attorney known for his work in championing consumer rights. Ralph Nader drew attention to the hazards of automobiles in his 1965 book Unsafe At Any Speed charging that the automobile industry failed to correct safety problems in their products. In response, Congress passed the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act in 1966. As consumer activism became widespread, consumer-protection offices began to respond to the complaints of the public.

The Environmental and Consumer Assessment What concerns did industry leaders have about environmental protection laws? (A) They were concerned about automobile safety. (B) They were afraid added costs would force them to cut jobs. (C) They were worried that Alaskan wildlife might be damaged. (D) They were upset about the lasting effects of DDT. Which of the following did Ralph Nader’s actions help create? (A) the Clean Air Act (B) the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act (C) the Clean Water Act (D) the Nuclear Regulatory Commission

The Environmental and Consumer Assessment What concerns did industry leaders have about environmental protection laws? (A) They were concerned about automobile safety. (B) They were afraid added costs would force them to cut jobs. (C) They were worried that Alaskan wildlife might be damaged. (D) They were upset about the lasting effects of DDT. Which of the following did Ralph Nader’s actions help create? (A) the Clean Air Act (B) the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act (C) the Clean Water Act (D) the Nuclear Regulatory Commission

CRASH COURSE THE RISE OF CONSERVATISM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCrxD19DHA8&index=42&list=P L8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&nohtml5=False