Descriptive Grammar – 2S, 2016 Mrs. Belén Berríos Droguett Functional Units Descriptive Grammar – 2S, 2016 Mrs. Belén Berríos Droguett

Objectives The main objective of this part of unit 2 is to recognize and be familiar with concepts related to phrases, clauses and the analysis of them We are going to start with the form of Phrases and Clauses, and then we will get to the Function

Form vs. Function It is good you remember and have some clear ideas about form and function: Form focus on the shape of words, phrases and clauses, and their more essential/primary aspects. With Form we will refer to concepts such as: noun, verb, NP, PP, etc. In analysis notation, form concepts go under the word or phrases

Form vs. Function Example: NP(dThe Ncat) VP(Vis) AdjP(Adjblack) When analyzing remember make the distinction in the notation of open and closed units: Open: capital letter Closed: lower case

Form vs. Function Functions are more related to the role the elements have inside a grammatical unit (Clause or Phrases) Functions are: Subject, Predicate, Object (Direct and Indirect), Complement (Subject and Object), Adverbial Subject and Predicate are the principal functions in English Grammar, being the Predicate the most important one, since it contains the verb

Form vs. Function Function Symbol Subject S Predicate P Object Direct Object Indirect Object O Od Oi Complement Subject Complement Object Complement C Cs Co Adverbial A

Form vs. Function The notation of functions goes above the element, for example: S(The cat) P(is Cs(black))

Form vs. Function NP(M(a) M(game) H(book)) These functions are seen at the level of sentences/clauses At the level of phrases there are also some functions which are important to have in mind: Head Modifiers: pre-modifiers and post-modifiers Pre-modifiers: before the Head Post-modifiers: after the Head For example: NP(M(a) M(game) H(book))