What are the key issues and events that led to the Civil War What are the key issues and events that led to the Civil War? Day 2 - Slavery Slavery States’ Rights Nullification Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 Georgia Platform Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott Case Election of 1860 Debate over the Secession in Georgia Role of Alexander Stephens

Causes of Civil War (8 Ss) Slavery States’ Rights Structure (Classes) Solvency (Ability to Pay Debt) Style Slavery Sectionalism Selection of Lincoln Secession

Slavery

The Issue of Slavery South Supported Slavery North Wanted to Abolish Slavery

Slave Population in 1860 Slaves were about 4 million of the total black population in the country. By far, the MAJORITY lived in the South. About 11.5% of the slaves lived in Georgia.

SOUTHERN SLAVEHOLDERS 1860 Census 3% 4% 5% 13% 75 %

To plantations owners, was slavery a moral issue, an economic issue or both? Why?

Do You Think the Idea of Manifest Destiny Had Anything to Do with Plantation Owners’ Views on Slavery?

Slaves Picking Cotton on a Plantation

Slaves Using the Cotton Gin

“Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings” William Henry Brown, 1842

Slaves Working in a Sugar-Boiling House, 1823

Muscogee County Old Slave Cabins

Slave Family Picking Cotton Near Savannah

Slave Auction Notice

Slave Auction

The Ledger of John White Matilda Selby, 9, $400.00 sold to Mr. Covington, St. Louis, $425.00  Brooks Selby, 19, $750.00 Left at Home – Crazy  Fred McAfee, 22, $800.00 Sold to Pepidal, Donaldsonville, $1200.00  Howard Barnett, 25, $750.00 Ran Away. Sold out of jail, $540.00  Harriett Barnett, 17, $550.00 Sold to Davenport and Jones, Lafourche, $900.00

Slave Equipment Slave Master Brands Slave Muzzle

Slave Equipment Slave Tag Slave Leg Irons Slave Shoes

Anti-Slave Pamphlet

Slaves posing in front of their cabin on a Southern plantation.

Tara – Plantation Reality or Myth? Hollywood’s Version?

Real Georgia Plantations

Scarlet and Mammie (Hollywood Again!)

A Real Mammie & Her Charge

A Slave Family

Great Awakening (2) In the 1820’s a second Great Awakening swept the country. One result of this religious revival was increased and interracial support for abolition (movement to do away with slavery). Northern Whites Some Southern Whites Free Blacks

ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT Abolitionist = a person who demanded the immediate freeing of slaves Morally wrong Violates religious teachings Results in cruel and inhumane treatment of slaves Violates democracy Abolitionist Activities Made speeches Conducted meetings Published newspapers Organized and offered their homes as safe houses for runaway slaves in the Underground Railroad Wrote books and articles

Famous Abolitionists

William Lloyd Garrison Best known abolitionist, published leading abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator.

John Brown Fanatical abolitionist who planned a slave rebellion; led an unsuccessful raid on armory at Harper’s Ferry, VA.

Former slave who escaped to freedom; Frederick Douglass Former slave who escaped to freedom; public speaker who traveled around the country describing the evils of slavery.

Former runaway slave; a leading worker on the Harriet Tubman Former runaway slave; a leading worker on the Underground Railroad.

Harriet Beecher Stowe Author of book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin. A dramatic picture of slave suffering. Wrote about slaves as individuals rather than a group and described some of the worst things about slavery and the fugitive slave laws. Book was a big success -- over 300,000 copies in first 6 months .

Sojourner Truth Born a slave and later freed; traveling preacher who told her story of the abolition of slavery, equality and the betterment of society.

Nat Turner Believed God wanted him to end slavery in America; led a revolt that resulted in the deaths of over 50 whites and numerous slaves. Turner was captured and hanged.

Slave Resistance Refusal to work hard. Isolated acts of sabotage. Escape via the Underground Railroad.

Runaway Slave Ads

Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.

Slave States vs. Free States In 1819, the US had 22 states: 11 were slave states (states that did allow slavery) 11 were free states (states that did not allow slavery) SENATE = Equal number of senators from slave states and from free states. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES = Free states had more representatives than the slave states.

The State of Missouri The slave state of Missouri applied for statehood. (Admitting Missouri would upset the balance between slave states and free states.)

Missouri Compromise After a great deal of debate, Congress adopted the Missouri Compromise. Missouri would join the Union as a slave state, and Maine joined as a free state. Slavery would not be allowed north of the 36° 20´ line of latitude. This compromise kept a balance of power between the free states and slave states in the Senate and provided a temporary solution to the slavery question.

Missouri Compromise, 1820

Dred Scott Decision (1857) a Supreme Court decision adds fuel to the fire... Dred Scott was a Missouri slave. He sued for his freedom because he had lived for a period of time with his master in the free state of Illinois and free territory of Wisconsin. The Supreme Court said Scott could not sue because he was a slave, and slaves were not citizens.

This Caused Further Division South North