August 15, 2016 Ancient Eastern Mediterranean Civilizations Standard: Analyze the origins, structures, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE to 500 BCE. Essential Question: What were the origins, structures, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE to 500 BCE?

Activator Have out World Map (in your notebook) - where do you think civilization began?

Vocabulary Words Aug 15-19 Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia Ziggurat Polytheism Hammurabi’s Law Code Hieroglyphics Cuneiform Phonetic Alphabet Pharaoh Theocracy

Geography Greek word meaning: “between the rivers” Fertile Crescent Valley between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers Extended from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf Modern Day Iraq

Fertile Crescent https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84y2q4giihY

Society cities formed as societies became advanced, social classes developed broken into social classes highest were rulers and priest Middle class were merchants Lower class were laborers and slaves

Economics based on agriculture large-scale system of water control, crops could be grown on a regular basis traded for stone, wood, and metal from other societies to build empires

Innovations Inventions created system of writing (cuneiform) wagon wheel, potter’s wheel the sun dial ,the arch, and bronze created system of writing (cuneiform) developed a number system based on 60 Geometry to measure fields charted constellations

Religion Polytheism believed gods to do what humans do poly = many theism = god belief believed many gods controlled different forces of nature believed gods to do what humans do Worship in ziggurats Mesopotamian temple pyramid-shaped monument

Religion Continued wealth devoted to building temples houses for the priests and priestesses believed success of crops depended on the gods believed Priest to be representative to the gods

City-States city and the surrounding countryside under one political and economic control Sumerians created first city-states in Mesopotamia Power passed from religious leaders to kings Kings led armies and organized the water control projects necessary to sustain farming

Role of the City-States Many roles: Religious center (ziggurat) Political center (palace) Trading center (market) Storage for surplus food Walls served as defense for citizens

Leadership Rulers were the Priest Success of crops depended on the gods Believed Priest to be representative to the gods Power passed from religious leaders to kings

Rise of the Empire a large political unit that controls many peoples and territories Several city-states brought together the Akkadian Empire lead by Sargon became the first in history

Activity- Primary Source Analysis Using the primary source analysis documents, you will work in small groups to analyze Ancient Mesopotamian primary sources.

Summarizer What were the origins, structures, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean? Your answer should be 2-3 sentences.