Music’s Horizontal Dimension:

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Presentation transcript:

Music’s Horizontal Dimension: Melody

H q h And it breaks my hea . . . . rt

Beethoven Piano Sonata Op. 13, Slow Movement. Billy Joel: “This Night”

God, I love it when you talk definitions

I. Melody A. Defined B. Melody implies prominence Melody = series of pitches and associated rhythms B. Melody implies prominence Melody vs. Accompaniment (“This Night is mine, it’s only you and I, Tomorrow is a long time away, this night can last forever.”) I. Melody C. Melody often defined negatively Melody not = lyrics, harmony, accompaniment

II. Melodic Hierarchies Letter Word Clause Sentence Paragraph Chapter Book Note Motive Phrase Period Section Movement Complete Work

III. Melodic Motives Motive = short group (2-8) of pitches that acquires structural significance B. Melodic motives tend to have both rhythmic shape and characteristic pitch pattern

IV. Phrases A. Defining/identifying phrases intuitively Goes together or singer breathes Like a clause, ends with punctuation B. Cadences=Markers or signals of phrase endings Harmonic formulas = cadential formulas Often rhythmic pause or relaxation Melody often descends at cadence C. Deceptive cadences D. Elided phrases (phrase elision)

V. Periods A. Antecedent/Consequent Structures B. Three-phrase periods 2 phrases go together as open/closed question/answer, less/more conclusive Usually cadence 1 not on tonic; cadence 2 on the tonic B. Three-phrase periods C. Sequences D. Identity/Variation/Contrast E. Phrase symmetry/asymmetry (length)

VI. Melodic Intervals Interval = distance (high-low) between two successive notes B. Melodic contour Depends on: 1) direction (up/down/same note) and 2) Type of motion Conjunct or stepwise Disjunct or angular = dominated by leaps, skips