North America Sub-Saharan Africa India Caribbean North Africa East Asia Central America Europe South East Asia South America Middle East Oceania

Geography: Basic Skills Using tools and Methods of Geographers

Region An area with similar physical features and common cultural characteristics EX – North vs South America EX – North Africa vs Sub-Saharan Africa

Today’s Objective Know our 1st benchmark Use different geographical tools, such as direction, coordinates, keys, scales and different map types Find locations on a map using longitude and latitude.

1st Benchmark of the Year Benchmark SS.11.7.2 Use tools and methods of geographers to understand changing views of world regions What do you need to be able to do to achieve this benchmark? Students will be able to… Use tools of geographers. Be able to find things on maps using keys, scales, directions, coordinates and glossaries. Use methods of geographers. Analyze and use different types maps Identify physical features, major landforms and regions

Map Components Title Grid Key or Legend Compass Scale

Hemispheres?

Relative Location VS Absolute Location Location = how to find a specific place in the world Relative Location Relative to an other place Uses distance and direction from a known place to find location Not as specific or exact Use the SCALE (distance) and COMPASS (direction) to find EX: 2,600miles South West of California Absolute Location Precisely where a place is on a map Exact location with no relation to anywhere else Use longitude and latitude coordinates Will be given in degrees and hemisphere like a graph EX: 23*N, 165*W

Relative Location Relative to an other place Uses distance and direction from a known place to find location Not as specific or exact Use the SCALE (distance) and COMPASS (direction) to find EX: 2,600miles South West of California

Find a know Place Find the Scale Find the Compass Or know which direction is North

Measure the distance Between your two Marks with the scale Mark on a piece of paper the distance What direction is the Line going from The known place

Absolute Location Precisely where a place is on a map Exact location with no relation to anywhere else Use longitude and latitude coordinates Will be given in degrees and hemisphere like a graph EX: 23*N, 165*W

Typical Graph Each point has two values: The “X” value that runs along the horizontal “X” axis The “Y” value that runs along the vertical “Y” axis Y axis X axis

East West, North South on The Earth Let the X axis be the Equator. Let the Y axis be the Prime Meridian, that runs through Greenwich outside of London. Lat/Long are the 2 grid points by which you can locate any point on earth. Y X

East West, North South on the Earth Let each of the four quarters then be designated by North or South and East or West. EX: 7*n, 64*e 15*s, 125*w N W E S

East West, North South on the Earth The N tells us we’re north of the Equator. The S tells us we’re south of the Equator. The E tells us we’re east of the Prime Meridian. The W tells us we’re west of the Prime Meridian. (N, W) (N, E) (S, W) (S, E)

East West, North South on the Earth That means all points in North America will have a North latitude and a West longitude because it is North of the Equator and West of the Prime Meridian. (N, W) Equator Prime Meridian

East West, North South on the Earth Equator What would be the latitude and longitude directions in Australia? ? Prime Meridian If you said South and East , you’re right!

What is Latitude? Latitude is the distance from the equator along the Y axis. All points along the equator have a value of 0 degrees latitude. North pole = 90°N South pole = 90°S Values are expressed in terms of degrees. 90°N Y X 90°S

What is Longitude? Longitude is the distance from the prime meridian along the X axis. All points along the prime meridian have a value of 0 degrees longitude. The earth is divided into two parts, or hemispheres, of east and west longitude. Y X 180°W 180°E

The earth is divided into 360 equal slices (meridians) What is Longitude? The earth is divided into 360 equal slices (meridians) 180 west and 180 east of the prime meridian Y X 180°W 180°E

See If You Can Tell In Which Quarter These Lon/Lats Are Located 1. 41°N, 21°E 2. 37°N, 76°W 3. 72°S, 141°W 4. 7°S, 23°W 5. 15°N, 29°E 6. 34°S, 151°E A B C D B A C D

Now you’re ready to find some locations on a map!

Relative Location VS Absolute Location Location = how to find a specific place in the world Relative Location Relative to an other place Uses distance and direction from a known place to find location Not as specific or exact Use the SCALE (distance) and COMPASS (direction) to find EX: 2,600miles South West of California Absolute Location Precisely where a place is on a map Exact location with no relation to anywhere else Use longitude and latitude coordinates Will be given in degrees and hemisphere like a graph EX: 23*N, 165*W

Types of Maps

Political Map Political maps show boarders &how people have divided places on the Earth into countries, states, cities and other units for the purpose of governing them.

Physical Map Physical maps show what the surface of the Earth looks like. You can see physical features

Thematic Maps Thematic maps show a specific information laid on top of a map. The Key shows us what information is being presented so you can read the map.

KEY

Map of World Religions KEY

Map Review What is the purpose of a Political map? What is the purpose of a Physical map? What is the most important part of an Thematic map?