The Universe is Matter and Energy Matter – Anything that has mass and takes up space, made of atoms and molecules Energy – Ability to do work, change type of energy to another.

Types of Energy Thermal – Motion of atoms/molecules. Electromagnetic – light Electric – movement of electric charge Mechanical – movement of everyday objects Nuclear – Inside nucleus of atoms.

Law of Conservation of Matter Law of Conservation of Energy Matter and Energy cannot be created or destroyed. All matter must be accounted for in any physical or chemical change.

Earth Facts The Earth is about 4.6 billion years old. About 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by liquid water. Only planet known to have life

Earth Reservoirs Reservoirs – systems where matter and energy are stored. Closed system – energy exchanged with other systems but not matter. Open system – matter and energy are exchanged with other systems.

Earth Systems: Geosphere Rocky part of Earth, rocks, minerals, soil, or groundwater. Groundwater – water inside of rocks, part of Geosphere. Heat trying to escape causes earthquakes, volcanoes, and moving continents.

Earth Systems: Atmosphere Blanket of gases that surrounds the Earth held in by gravity. Protects life from harmful space radiation. Weather – Current conditions of atmosphere. Climate – Statistics of weather.

Earth Systems: Hydrosphere Liquid water on Earth surface (oceans, lakes rivers), covers 71% of the Earth’s surface. 97% of Earth’s water is salty. Field of Study – Oceanography and Hydrology.

Earth Systems: Biosphere Any living organism (life form) All life contains Carbon. Photosynthesis - Plants create energy from CO2, H20, and solar radiation Cellular Respiration – Animals create energy from glucose (or sugar, C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) Field of Study: Biology

Water Cycle

Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle

Phosphorus Cycle

Rock Cycle