Industrial Revolution In England This presentation will help explain why the Industrial Revolution began in England (Great Britain)

Industrial Revolution The Dawn Of the Industrial Revolution

A Change from Agriculture to Industry

For a very long time, most people worked the land and were farmers For a very long time, most people worked the land and were farmers. They grew what they needed and if they were lucky , they had a little left over to barter or sell for goods they couldn’t raise.

Farmers could not raise sugar or vanilla nor could they make things like kettles, swords, tools, or silverware. These were the items they would barter or buy if they had extra crops to sell.

For many centuries, goods like kettles were made by artisans who lived in their own home or had small shops in town.

A blacksmith was an example of an artisan that would live in each village or on each manor.

Many people would work in their homes and this way of production is known as the cottage or domestic industry.

Industrial Revolution Reasons:

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700’s

Reasons Improved farming methods increased the food supply and had three results: Food prices went down and families had more money for other goods.

Reason two Farmers needed less workers and people began to move to the cities in search of jobs.

Reason Three More food usually means an increase in the population.

Reason Four Great Britain and here colonies were rich in natural resources

One such resource was coal. Cotton was an important crop for G. Britain.

Young men were searching for ways to invest money and make a profit Young men were searching for ways to invest money and make a profit. All were looking for an idea to make their fortune. These men became known as entrepreneurs.

Young men like Edmund Cartwright became entrepreneurs Young men like Edmund Cartwright became entrepreneurs. Cartwright invented a water powered loom. This allow a great amount of cloth to be made in a short period of time. Suddenly weaving and the making of textiles became a large-scale factory based industry.

What were the English making in their first factories? Textiles

James Watt James Watt, a Scottish engineer, improved the steam engine so it would drive machinery.

The advances in cotton textile manufacturing required coal for fuel and iron for the new machinery.

The increase in coal and iron mining required improvements in transportation: and the transportation requirements in turn brought about the development of railroads and steamships.

By the end of the eighteenth century, the world’s first industrial revolution was underway.

Cotton cloth was Great Britain’s most valuable product Cotton cloth was Great Britain’s most valuable product. Cotton goods were sold all over the world. Britain got its cotton from its colonies. Later it would buy it from the US and other nations.

New types of jobs included Try and guess what they were. You can write them on the Smart Board. Later you can see if you were correct.

New Jobs Building railroads

New Jobs Factory workers

New Jobs Miners

New Jobs House keepers

New Jobs Iron worker

Working Conditions Long Hours 12 to 16 hours a day Steel workers worked seven days a week. Other workers worked six days. Miners worked 14 out of 15 days.

Working Conditions No vacation No sick leave No unemployment compensation No reimbursement for injuries Unsafe working conditions

Working Conditions By 1830, children and women made up 2/3’s of the cotton industry’s workforce.

Let’s Review There are four factors of production Land Labor Capital Entrepreneurs

Labor People who do the work and are paid a wage

Land Land includes all the natural resources and energy found in an area.

Capital Capital is the factories, machinery, tools, and cash that purchased those items.

Entrepreneur A person who uses their ideas and money to create a new business.

What type of economy did Great Britain operate under? Capitalism or a Market Economy. A Market Economy is an economic system in which decisions are made by individuals who act as buyers and sellers without any government interference. Lassez Faire

Great Britain needed colonies to provide a market and the raw materials for its Industrial Revolution

By 1870, these nations would also industrialize. Great Britain Germany France United States