Tissues, Part 2: Connective Tissue Chapter 4 Introduction to the Human Body

Characteristics Connective Tissue Characteristics 6 main cell types: Fibroblasts Macrophages Mast cells Adipocytes Chondrocytes Osteoblasts

Characteristics Made of cells and matrix - products between cells. Ground substance Protein fibers Internal location Innervated (except cartilage) Vascular (except cartilage & tendons)

Matrix Extracellular Fluid (ECF) Protein fibers Interstitial fluid is fluid between cells in CT. Plasma is ECF in blood. Lymph is ECF in lymphatic system. Protein fibers Collagen Elastin Reticular

Figure 4.01 Representative Cells and Fibers Present in Connective Tissues

Warm Up #1 Create a non-biological analogy for: Fibroblasts Macrophages Mast cells Matrix Reticular fibers Collagen fibers Elastin fibers

Functions Functions Connection: ligaments & tendons Support: skeleton Protection: skull & ribs; adipose Transport: blood Storage of energy: adipose (fat) Storage of minerals: bones Movement: joints Immunity: WBC’s Body contour: adipose Insulation: adipose

Loose CT Types of CT Loose CT: contains many loosely connected fibers Areolar - highly vascular subcutaneous tissue. Adipose - fatty tissue. Reticular - framework of soft organs, bone marrow, and forms the basement membrane. Acts like a filter in the spleen and lymph nodes. Contains reticular fibers.

Loose CT: Areolar

Loose CT: Adipose

Loose CT: Reticular

Dense CT Dense CT: contains many dense protein fibers Dense Regular – collagen fibers organized in regular line pattern; fibroblasts between fibers Dense Irregular – collagen fibers in all directions with fibroblasts. Elastic - made of collagen and elastin fibers and fibroblasts

Dense CT: Regular

Dense CT: Irregular

Dense CT: Elastic

Warm Up #2 Write a non-biological analogy for the FUNCTIONS of: Areolar CT Reticular CT Adipose CT Dense Regular CT Dense Irregular CT Dense Elastic CT

Cartilage Cartilage – strong, flexible tissue. Mostly rubbery, gel matrix with few cells. Avascular & non-innervated. Hyaline - Chondrocytes with gel as ground substance. Fibrocartilage – Chondrocytes with gel and collagen fibers as matrix. Elastic – Chondrocytes with gel and elastin protein fibers in the matrix. Moves & maintains shape.

Cartilage: Hyaline

Hyaline

Cartilage: Fibrocartilage

Fibrocartilage

Cartilage: Elastic

Elastic Cartilage

Bone and Blood Tissue Osseous tissue Blood tissue Bone tissue. Cells surrounded by a solid mineral & protein matrix. Blood tissue RBCs, WBCs, & Platelets Plasma or Lymph = liquid matrix

Osseous Tissue

Osseous Tissue

Blood Tissue

Blood

Review Review of Connective Tissue Matrix: Lots of it; determines function of the tissue. Cells: Produce and support matrix CT is diverse – many different structures & functions 5 types: Loose, dense, cartilage, osseous, and blood