Plants & Pollinators.

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Presentation transcript:

Plants & Pollinators

www.pollinatorlive.pwnet.org 2

Which Animals Pollinate? Bees (native & managed) Butterflies Moths Bats Birds Wasps Flies Beetles Ants Unusual pollinators (lemurs, honey opossums, geckos, lizards) © Paul Growald © Merlin Tuttle, BCI © Paul Growald © Paul Growald © Paul Growald © Paul Growald 3

This is your breakfast…. 4

…this is your breakfast, thanks to POLLINATORS… 5

6

Food Crops Chili peppers (bee) Apple (bee) Palms (beetle,bee) © USDA-NRCS © USDA-NRCS Chili peppers (bee) Apple (bee) Palms (beetle,bee) Squash (bee) Potato (bee) Beans (thrip,bee) Cocoa (midge) Tea (fly,bee) Coffee (fly,bee) Tomato (bee) Avocado (bee, fly, bat) Mango (fly,bat,bee) Vanilla (bee) Alfalfa (bee) Banana (bee, bat) Agave (bat) Fig (wasp) Sunflower (bee) Cashew (bee,moth,bat) Almond (bee) Raspberry, blackberry, blueberry, strawberry, cranberry (bee) © USDA-NRCS © Starbucks Corp. 7

Pollinators as part of the ecosystem Photo by employees of Unimin Corporation 8

Growing Concerns About Pollinator Decline Habitat destruction & fragmentation Human development Agriculture (monocultures, pesticides) Misuse and overuse of pesticides Competition from exotic/ introduced species New diseases and parasites Lack of public awareness/support © USDA-NRCS © USDA-NRCS © USDA-NRCS 9

Bees – the Major Pollinator of Flowering Plants Bees are adapted for feeding on nectar for energy and pollen for protein and other nutrients Most pollen is used as food for larvae Have a long proboscis – a complex “tongue” that enables them to obtain the nectar from flowers Bees are adapted for feeding on nectar and pollen, the former primarily as an energy source, and the latter primarily for protein and other nutrients. Most pollen is used as food for larvae. Bees have a long proboscis (a complex"tongue") that enables them to obtain the nectar from flowers. They have antennae almost universally made up of 13 segments in males and twelve in females, as is typical for the superfamily. Bees all have two pairs of wings, the hind pair being the smaller of the two; in a very few species, one sex or caste has relatively short wings that make flight difficult or impossible, but none is wingless. Bees play an important role in pollinating flowering plants, and are the major type of pollinator in ecosystems that contain flowering plants.

Bees that are deliberately gathering pollen are more efficient pollinators It is estimated that one third of the human food supply depends on insect pollination, most of which is accomplished by bees http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/flower/pollinator.html