Lecture 12 Web: pollev.com/ucibio Text: To: 37607

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 12 Web: pollev.com/ucibio Text: To: 37607 Type in: 169964 <your question>

Lecture 12 objectives Be able to identify carbohydrates Know the different kinds of isomers Know the differences between the linear and cyclic forms of CHO Understand glycosidic bonds Understand how polysaccharide structure and function are related Identify and apply common principles behind CHO and Protein structure formation Know basic structure and functions of protein glycosylation

Carbs - Isomers Carbohydrates = HUGE Diversity “Isomers” - Constitutional/Structural - Stereo - Enantiomers - Diastereomers - Epimers - Anomers

Carbohydrate diversity increased by cyclization!

Carbohydrate diversity increased by cyclization!

Functions of carbs: Energy Circulating ___________ for energy Other sugars used for energy? Stored as polysaccharides LARGE, branched or unbranched forms - Created by specific enzymes - Broken down by specific enzymes Why polysaccharides?

Why polysaccharides? Upload to Canvas – “Polysaccharides” Midnight tonight

Bond rotation = structure!

Functions of carbs: Structure

Functions of carbs: Storage

Functions of carbs: Structure, function

Changing CHO functional groups

Glycoproteins Carbohydrates can be joined to proteins (Asn, Ser, Thr) Specific tissues/organisms = Specific modifications

Biological relevance of glycosylation Blood group antigen protein = Same! Specific antibodies can bind

Proteoglycans contain more carbs than protein! Contain glycosaminoglycans Incredibly diverse & complex Keratan, Chondroitin, Dermatan, Hyaluronate, etc.

Proteoglycans = Protein + Glycosaminoglycans

Proteoglycans Can be upto 95% glycosaminoglycan! Many roles: - Cushioning - Lubricative - ECM Eg. 1: Aggrecans + Hyaluronan in cartilage

Cushioning

Proteoglycans Can be upto 95% glycosaminoglycan! Many roles: - Cushioning - Lubricative - ECM Eg. 1: Aggrecans + Hyaluronan in cartilage Eg. 2: ECM

ECM

Carbohydrates & Lectins Specific carbohydrates/patterns recognized No glycosylation = No recognition Different glycosylation = No recognition No recognition = ?

Carbohydrates & Lectins

Protein recognition Function of lysosome? - - Degradative enzymes must get to lysosome! Proteins made? - How to “target”? Specific glycosylation pattern “mails” proteins to lysosome No glycosylation = ?

Protein recognition No glycosylation = ?

I-Cell disease Protein stuck. Effects? Glycosaminoglycans, etc. form Inclusions in lysosome Degradative enzymes in blood & urine I-cell disease