Processes Within the cell 7th grade science

Photosynthesis The process by which a cell captures the energy in sunlight and uses it to make food Happens in two different stages Energy from the sun, carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugar (glucose) 6CO2 + 6H2O  6O2 + C6H12O6

Stage 1 Called the Light Reaction. Happens in the leaves and other green parts of the plant. Chlorophyll – green pigment that captures light.

Stage 2 Called the Dark Reaction Happens deep in the plants, where the energy is used to make the sugar Water and Carbon Dioxide undergo complex reactions to make sugar.

Diagram of a Leaf

Stomata Opening in the leaf that allow the cells to have access to the air. Guard Cells – control how open the stomata are. If the plant is losing too much water, guard cells close the stomata If the plant has enough water, guard cells open the stomata

Guard Cells

Photosynthesis and Life Autotroph – an organism that can make it’s own food. Ex: Plants, some Bacteria, some Protists Heterotroph – An organism that cannot make its own food. Ex: Animals, Fungi, some Bacteria, Some Protists

Photosynthesis and Life (2)

Homework Page 54 1 – 4

Respiration Cells break down simple food molecules such as glucose and release energy they contain. Two different types of respiration Anaerobic and Aerobic The opposite process of photosynthesis

Aerobic Respiration 6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O ATP = the energy molecule that is created Happens in two stages First stage happens in the cytoplasm Glucose is broken down into 2 smaller molecules Takes 2 ATP to start Produces 4 ATP total Nets 2ATP

Aerobic Respiration (2) Stage 2 Happens in the mitochondria Oxygen is NEEDED Release of ENERGY IS HUGE!!!!!!! 30 – 34 ATP!!!!! (depends on what book you read) Total ATP created 32 – 36!!!!!!! Carbon Dioxide and Water are created as waste.

Anaerobic Respiration Also known as Fermentation Provides energy for cells without using oxygen. 2 types!!!!!1!!1!11111!!11!oneoneoneeleventyoneoneoneonhundredeleven!!!111!1!1!11 (again…. C’mon now.)

Lactic-Acid Fermentation Takes place in the human body. Happens when your muscles don’t get enough oxygen. Lactic Acid builds up in your muscles making them feel sore and weak.

Alcoholic Fermentation Yeast and other single-celled organisms Alcohol is what is produced from this form of fermentation Used in: Baking Ginger Ale Root Beer Alcoholic beverages The Carbon Dioxide produced is what makes beer bubbly, and what raises bread when it’s baked

Homework No homework tonight… (I’ll be nice.. For once.) ASK ME IF THERE IS HOMEWORK and you will get it!