Review Sheet #1 is now posted! Use these questions to guide your studying. Do not forget the supplemental reading.

Chapter Two “Old, Simple Ditties” : Secular Music in the Colonies and Early Republic

(Public) Concert Music Chiefly European performers - Benefit concerts - Subscription concerts Advertisements (see following slide) Programs – Variety and Length! (textbook, p. 57 & next slide) - full ensembles, solos, etc. - vocal solos, glees, opera arias, etc.

Concert in Salem, MA (21 Jan 1809) MUH 3633 - Music in the United States 6/24/2018 Concert in Salem, MA (21 Jan 1809) DAY 7 (4 Sep 17)

Theater Advertisement (1787)

Theater Music U.S. Theater based on London Musical Formats include: Ballad opera (ex. Gay, Beggar’s Opera, 1728) - The Beggar's Opera (scene) Pasticcio (ex. Arne, Love in a Village, 1791) - "The Traveller Beknighted" Comic opera (ex. S. Arnold, The Children in the Wood, 1795) Henry Bishop, Clari, of the Maid of Milan (1823) - “Home, Sweet Home” (John Howard Payne, lyrics) "Home, Sweet Home"

Signer of the Declaration of Independence Francis Hopkinson (1737-1791) Philadelphia lawyer, etc. Musical Amateur Collection of Plain Tunes… (1763) Temple of Minerva (1781) - 1st (?) American opera Seven songs for the Harpsichord (1783) Ex. "Beneath a Weeping Willow's Shade" Signer of the Declaration of Independence

“How Sweet the Sound” : Sacred Music in the New Republic Chapter Three “How Sweet the Sound” : Sacred Music in the New Republic

Reminders Psalmody – Puritan sacred music “Lining Out” vs. “Regular singing” 1720 – Symmes, Mather, et al. Singing Schools Wm. Billings, et al. Tunebooks – music instruction & part songs

Daniel Read (1757-1836) “Sherburne” The American Singing Book (1785) Sets text of Nahum Tate (Luke 2: 8-15) "Sherburne" by Daniel Read (1757-1836) [LG 3.1, p. 65] Preference for “open” harmonies, etc. “Fuging tune” – imitative entries Widely disseminated into 19th & 20th Centuries

Reform (early 1800s) Concerns over secular sound in US churches Reformers push for “Ancient music” [meaning…] “Proper” (old) European tunes (and in style) [Reform] Tunebooks using European sources - The Salem Collection…(1805) - The Middlesex Collection…(1807) Edification [reformers] vs. Praise [congregation] Second Great Awakening (1780s-1830s)

Andrew Law (1749-1821) American Psalmody reformer Emphasis on: European models (US & British equal) Treble melody w/ “correct” harmonization New “patent notes” for music-reading Musical primer: containing the rules of psalmody...[1793] (cf. Textbook ex. , p. 70, vs. Primer, screen 83) Beginning of “Shape Notes”

MUH 3633 - Music in the United States “Shape Note” Singing 6/24/2018 Southern Highlands (Textbook map, p. 71) Little & Smith, Easy Instructor… (1798) - four shapes – fa so la mi Will God Forever Cast Us Off (Mear), p 24 Southern hymnodists - publish folk hymns w/ religious texts - numerous titles (favored by different groups) The Sacred Harp (1844) – multiple reprints, editions w/ varying contents DAY 7 (4 Sep 17)

MUH 3633 - Music in the United States Shape Note Singing 6/24/2018 DAY 7 (4 Sep 17)

Shape Note Singing

Shape Note Singing Seated in a “hollow” square, one part to a side Leader in center, calls tune by number 1st time sung on “fasola” syllables Repeat w/ words (multiple verses) Beat time w/ broad arm movements NOT a “performance” (never “rehearsed”) NOT a religious service (but spiritual) “Singing Conventions”

Shape Note Singing Sacred Harp Georgia Part 1 [Convention] Sacred Harp 186 Sherburne HD 186 Sherburne - Sixth Ireland Sacred Harp Convention, 2016 Sacred Harp 457 Wayfaring Stranger Sacred Harp 159 Wondrous Love HD Stereo Wiregrass Sacred Harp Singers [Af-Am]