Insurance Company Partner Discussion Enron Price Uncertainty Products (“PUPs”) December 21, 1999.

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Presentation transcript:

Insurance Company Partner Discussion Enron Price Uncertainty Products (“PUPs”) December 21, 1999

Overview Merchant generators face significant financial hurdles Low credit ratings High coverage requirements Low leverage ratios This is particularly true for mid-merit and peaking units The financial community seems fixated on intrinsic value Profits from energy sales Minimal consideration for extrinsic value (optionality) Possible reasons for this include: No familiarity with underlying commodity markets Lack of conviction around modeled future price lines Uncertainty with what to do with collateral

Enron’s Perspective Unlike other lenders, Enron can: Manage the commodity price risk position Take possession of and operate the collateral to our best commercial advantage Be more creative with debtor restructuring Creditors can offer Enron commodity and geographic alternatives Objective is to protect Enron’s MTM earnings This represents an obvious commercial opportunity for Enron to earn fees helping merchant generators Absorb some merchant price line risk Concept is only valuable to merchant generators if we can accomplish an investment grade rating, or at a minimum higher leverage at project level

Basic Business Deal Enron will enter into commodity price risk management contracts designed to provide a minimum amount of commodity revenues sufficient to meet at least 1.0x debt service On a par amount of bonds we will specify in advance Our obligations must not be considered a guarantee of debt or hit Enron’s credit or balance sheet on any basis other than commodity price risk management contract Payments owed to Enron under any contract will be secured by a second mortgage Subordinate only to senior bonds Exercisable after fairly short cure period Enron’s ultimate hammer over equity is the mortgage

Contract Features The two contracts require performance regardless of the operable status of the power plant The two contracts are not linked to each other as to performance Payments required under the two contracts will exactly offset each other Each of the two contracts can be terminated due to non-performance The two contracts are non-invasive on plant operations Financial only, no physical elements No effect on dispatch of plant, no consumption of environmental permit capacity, or influence on the marketing of capacity, energy and ancillary services

Financial - Buy Contract Financial - Sell Contract Contract Diagram Revenues: EPMI fin. Buy Energy, capacity, ancillaries Insurance proceeds, LD pmts. and all other EPMI Financial - Buy Contract $ Fixed Project LLC $ Formula floating Expenses: 1. Debt service & EPMI Fin Buy 2. EPMI Fin Sell 3. $ Owed EPMI 4. O&M 5. Reserve replenishment 6. Equity distributions $ Formula floating EPMI Financial - Sell Contract $ Fixed Termination Requirements: 1. Financial-Buy contract cannot terminate due to bankruptcy. 2. Both contracts can be terminated for non-performance 3. Under any termination, a MTM payment is owed 4. Anytime Financial-Buy terminates, Financial-Sell must also terminate. MTM effects offset each other Financial contracts: Payer: Fixed D/S Receiver: Formula floating: The positive difference, if any, between a market based index and a strike price = Fuel Price * heat rate + VOM.

Reimbursement Agreement Project Diagram Revenues: e, cap., ancillaries, insurance proceeds, LD payments, other Trustee: Revenues 1. D/S & Fin buy 2. Fin Sell 3. $ Owed EPMI 4. O&M 5. Reserve Replenishment 6. Equity distributions $ Debt service Project LLC Bondholders: All revenues into A lock box O&M, Equity dist. Financial-Sell Financial-Buy $ Formula $ Fixed $ Fixed $ Formula Equity Distributions EPMI Payments owed EPMI are non-recourse to Trustee Recourse is to LLC Guarantee & Reimbursement Agreement Fixed (Fin-Buy) = Fixed (Fin-Sell) = Debt Service

Risk Allocation Enron takes merchant price risk. This is mostly due to the susceptibility of the financial-sell contract to lower prices Lower than expected revenues will likely bring pressure on projects ability to make payments to Enron Risks not covered by Enron Risk Mitigant Construction completion EPC contractor Unit operation Operator and equity Explosion, fire, etc Business interruption insurance Unit availability Market based LD insurance Most of the risks not covered by Enron are typically covered in the normal course of business for merchant generators

Enron Risk Management Strategy Enron needs to manage its risk position as if we were senior lender Enron needs to have the option of assuming the senior creditor position if we have to Enron must have the right to purchase the outstanding senior bonds when project is in distress so that we may assume the senior creditor position Third party creditors (i.e. market based LDs) must be subordinate to Enron Hedging strategy from Enron’s perspective: Collateral value + market based hedge values >= par amount of senior creditors + other amounts owed Enron

Example: Simple Cycle Peaker Project development cost: $500/kw Par amount of bonds covered by Enron: $375/kw 75% leverage Typical leverage under merchant scenario: $250/kw 50% leverage or less Financing details Rating Term I-Rate PUPs BBB 20-yrs. T + 175-200 Merchant B-BB 10-15 yrs. T + 350-500 Equity returns differential of PUPS vs. merchant is in the range of 5% - 10% against pro-forma future commodity prices