AFTER HASTINGS...
INCOMPLETE CONTROL: NORMAN ENGLAND AT THE END OF 1066 CASTLES WILLIAM’S ROUTE AREA OF NORMAN CONTROL ANGLO-SAXON RESISTANCE WILLIAM CROWNED IN WESTMINSTER 25 DEC DOVER SUBMITS 29 OCT HASTINGS 14 OCT SURVIVING ENGLISH NOBILITY SURRENDER BERKHAMSTEAD 30 NOV
1069: REBELLION!
1069: REBELLION!
What next?
TERROR
FORTIFICATION
1086: LOTS MORE CASTLES!
THE LONDON SYSTEM
THE NORTHERN MARCHES
THE WESTERN MARCHES
THE ‘STRING OF PEARLS’
THE DOMESDAY BOOK
A NEW ORDER: THE FEUDAL SYSTEM THE KING OWNS ALL THE LAND... BUT HE CAN’T RULE IT ALL IN PERSON (HE ALSO RULES NORMANDY AND BRITTANY)... SO HOW AM I TO RULE ENGLAND?
THE KING KEEPS ABOUT 20% OF THE LAND HIMSELF AND GIVES THE REST TO TENANTS IN CHIEF (60%) : WHO PROMISE TO RAISE SOLDIERS FOR THE KING WHEN HE NEEDS THEM THE CHURCH (20%): WHO PRAY FOR THE KING AND PROVIDE HIM WITH ADMINISTRATORS
BUT THE TENANTS IN CHIEF AND THE CHURCH CAN’T USE ALL THE LAND THEY HAVE, SO THEY KEEP 20% AND GIVE THE REST TO THE KNIGHTS IN RETURN FOR SOLDIERS...
AND EVERYONE NEEDS PEASANTS TO WORK THE LAND. THEY COME IN THREE KINDS... FREEMAN – THEY FARM THE LAND AND PROVIDE FREE LABOUR BUT ARE FREE TO MOVE AROUND THE COUNTRY IF THEY DON’T LIKE WORKING FOR A PARTICUALR LORD. VILLEIN BONDSMEN – THEY BELONG TO THE LAND AND CANNOT MOVE WITHOUT THEIR LORD’S PERMISSION. THEY FARM FOR THEIR LORD AND IN RETURN HE GIVES THEM SOME LAND TO FARM THEMSELVES. COTTAR BONDSMEN – THEY BELONG TO THE LAND TOO BUT HAVE NO LAND OF THEIR OWN, THEY WORK FOR FOOD AND WAGES FOR LORDS AND THE RICHER FREEMEN.
PUT IT ALL TOGETHER AND YOU GET THIS...
THE FEUDAL SYSTEM Bound together by oaths known as FEALTY THE KING: Owns all the land, keeps 20% and gives the rest to: Bound together by oaths known as FEALTY TENANTS-IN-CHIEF (APPROX. 60) Hold 60% of the land in return for soldiers, keeps 20% of this and gives the rest to: CHURCH Hold 20% of the land in return for prayer and administration KNIGHTS(APPROX. 4,000) Hold about 50% of all the land in return for military service. They keep about 20% and allow the rest to be farmed by: BONDSMEN (APPROX. 2,000,000) Work the lords’ lands in return for some of their own. They belong to the land and cannot leave it. FREEMEN (APPROX. 200,000) Manage land, provide soldiers, run trade.