The Growth of Monarchies 1st Block Monday, March 19th

The English Monarch and Anglo- Saxon England First country in Europe to develop a strong central monarchy. Anglo-Saxons are the first to unify the country. Normans conquered the Anglo-Saxons. Anglo-Saxons of England were divided into seven small kingdoms. Vikings invaded England, and conquered a few kingdoms, but not all of England.

The Norman Conquest 1066,king died without an heir Harold claimed the throne William became jealous, sailed to England to claim the throne They both fought with William winning the fight William was known as william the conqueror He divided England into fiefs, created New England Ordered a survey to find out how much to tax Survies were collected in the domesday book, used to create a central tax systeem French culture was introduced nto england Most of lower classes kept the Anglo-Saxon language and habits Link to french culture would last for centuries

The English in France The kings who followed king William gained even more power as they gained land. Mainly in France His descendants were known as Dukes of Normandy, so they ruled that region of France Henry II was a descendant of William Married Eleanor of Aquitane, powerful French duchess. They ruled all of England and half of France together

The Magna Carta Nobles feared that kings would abuse their powers and take away the nobles rights The nobles concerns reached a crisis point in 1215 under King John Magna Carta was a document outlining nobles rights Nobles forced King John to accept the document King had to obtain and have the consent of the nobles before raising taxes Also ended the kings ability to arrest and punish people without cause or take their property without following legal procedures The Magna Carta set forth ideas about limiting government & executive power Suggested that even kings were not above the law People considered the Magna Carta one of the most important historical documents in the formation of modern democracies

Parliamant After the Magna Carta the nobles were still not satisfied The king constantly asking for approval Nobles started another rebellion in the 1260s King wanted to raise the taxes to fund wars and is debt Parliament the governing body For several years the powers of parliament remained undefined King Edward I clarified the role of Parliament With the help of Parliament Edward strengthened of England's central government and reformed system of laws

Other European Monarchs and France Kings in other European countries experience’s were very different from English rulers Noble had more power than kings, and they started ignoring the kings In the mid-900s, a family called Capetians extended power of their monarchy throughout France Managed and named after Hugh Capet Sometimes fought locals and sometimes formed allegiances In 1300, Capetians ruled most of France

Holy Roman Empire Empire spit into 2 parts- western part became France and the eastern part became Germany. -France remained under one king. -Germany separated into several small states. -Each state had its own ruler known as a Duke. Called Holy Roman Empire because it had the pope’s support.

Spain and Portugal Both Spain and portugal were conquered by the Muslims in 700s during the civil war the Muslim Spain weakened Moorish leaders (Muslims) Castile the leader of Reconquistia (reconquest), captured Moors’ city of Toledo, inspiring Argon and Portugal tp join. The 3 Iberian kingdoms drove Moors out of their lands and established kingdom Portugal. Argon and Castile went on Pushing Moors almost all the way out of Sapin, stayed all the way out of Sapin stayed in Granada (protected by the mountains.