10 Gigabit Ethernet 1 1

INTRODUCTION Ethernet essential for internet. 10 Gigabit Ethernet is the latest. It finds its applications in LAN, MAN, WAN and SAN. Provides high speed and reliable network. Provides low installation and maintenance cost.

HISTORY Developed by Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs in 1973 at Xerox PARC. In June 2002 IEEE adopted 10 Gigabit Ethernet Standard(802.3ae).

10 GbE TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW Retention of 802.3 MAC and frame format 64 – 1518 Byte frames Jumbo-frames not included in standard No half duplex mode different from other versions of Ethernet No CSMA/CD on full duplex Simultaneous sending and receiving at all times Works with 802.1Q, 802.3ad, etc. Fiber interfaces only – no copper versions LAN PHY – 10Gb/s WAN PHY – 9.29Gb/s (SONET framing overhead)

10 GbE STANDARD Under the International Standards Organization’s Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, Ethernet is fundamentally a Layer 2 protocol. IEEE 802.3ae was adapted to include 10-Gbps full-duplex transmission over fiber-optic cable. 10 Gigabit Ethernet uses the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC) protocol, the IEEE 802.3 Ethernet frame format, and the minimum and maximum IEEE 802.3 frame size. 10 Gigabit Ethernet remains true to the original Ethernet model.

10 Gigabit Ethernet uses two separate encoding steps. 10 GbE ARCHITECTURES 10 Gigabit Ethernet uses two separate encoding steps. The encoded data provides synchronization, efficient usage of bandwidth, and improved signal-to-noise ratio characteristics. All 10GbE varieties use optical fiber media.

802.3ae Architectural Components Full Duplex 802.3 Media Access Control (MAC) 10Gb Media Independent Interface (XGMII) or 10Gb Attachment Unit Interface (XAUI) WWDM LAN PHY 8B/10B Serial LAN PHY 64B/66B Serial WAN PHY 64B/66B + WIS Serial PMD 850nm Serial PMD 1310nm Serial PMD 850nm Serial PMD 1550nm Serial PMD 1310nm Serial PMD 1550nm WWDM PDM 1310nm

GIGABIT vs 10-GIGABIT ETHERNET CSMA/CD + full duplex Full duplex only Leveraged Fibre Channel PMDs New optical PMDs Reused 8B/10B coding New coding schemes 64B/66B Optical/copper media Optical media only (copper in development) Support LAN to 5 km Support LAN to 40 km

CHIP INTERFACE (XAUI) The XAUI is designed as an interface extender, and the interface, which it extends, is the XGMII, the 10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface. The XGMII is a 74 signal wide interface (32-bit data paths for each of transmit and receive) that may be used to attach the Ethernet MAC to its PHY. Benefits of XAUI technology - low EMI due to it's self-clocked nature, compensation for multi-bit bus skew -- allowing significantly longer-distance chip-to-chip -- error detection and fault isolation capabilities, low power consumption, and the ability to integrate the XAUI I/O within commonly available CMOS processes.

PHYSICAL MEDIA DEPENDENTS(PMDs) The IEEE 802.3ae Task Force has developed a draft standard that provides a physical layer that supports link distances for fiber optic media as shown in Table. To meet these distance objectives, four PMDs were selected.

PHYSICAL LAYER (PHYs) The LAN PHY and the WAN PHY will operate over common PMDs and, therefore, will support the same distances. . The 10 Gigabit LAN PHY is intended to support existing Gigabit Ethernet applications at ten times the bandwidth with the most cost-effective solution. The 10 Gigabit Ethernet WAN PHY supports connections to existing and future installations of SONET/SDH (Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) circuit-switched telephony access equipment.

APPLICATIONS FOR 10 GbE 10 Gigabit Ethernet in Local Area Networks Ethernet technology is already the most deployed technology for high performance LAN environments. With the extension of 10 Gigabit Ethernet into the family of Ethernet technologies, the LAN now can reach farther and support up coming bandwidth hungry applications. With 10 Gigabit backbones installed, companies will have the capability to begin Gigabit Ethernet service to workstations and, eventually, to the desktop in order to support applications such as streaming video, medical imaging, centralized applications, and high-end graphics.

APPLICATIONS FOR 10 GbE 10 GbE in Metropolitan and Storage Area Networks Gigabit Ethernet is already being deployed as a backbone technology for dark fiber metropolitan networks. With appropriate 10 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, optical transceivers and single mode fiber, service providers will be able to build links reaching 40km or more. 10 Gigabit Ethernet will provide infrastructure for both network-attached storage (NAS) and storage area networks (SAN).

APPLICATIONS FOR 10 GbE 10 Gigabit Ethernet in Wide Area Networks 10 Gigabit Ethernet will enable Internet service providers (ISP) and network service providers (NSPs) to create very high-speed links at a very low cost, between co-located, carrier-class switches and routers and optical equipment that is directly attached to the SONET/SDH cloud. 10 Gigabit Ethernet with the WAN PHY will also allow the construction of WANs that connect geographically dispersed LANs between campuses or POPs (points of presence) over existing SONET/SDH/TDM networks.

Cost-Saving Server Consolidation. APPLICATIONS FOR 10 GbE 10 Gigabit Ethernet as a Fabric Interconnect 10 Gigabit Ethernet is in a position to replace all these proprietary technologies as a next-generation interconnect for both server and storage-area networks for several reasons: Cost-Saving Server Consolidation. 10 Gigabit Ethernet Offers the Necessary Bandwidth. Planned Growth of 10 Gigabit Network Features.

USING FIBER IN 10GbE There are two types of optical fiber, multimode and single mode fiber, that are currently used in data networking and telecommunications applications. The 10 Gigabit Ethernet technology, as defined in the IEEE 802.3ae standard, supports both optical fiber types. However, the distances supported vary based on the type of fiber and wavelength (nm) is implemented in the application.

THE FUTURE OF 10GbE Will There be Copper? IEEE 802.3 has recently formed two new study groups to investigate 10 Gigabit Ethernet over copper cabling. The 10GBASE-CX4 study group is developing a standard for transmitting and receiving XAUI signals via a 4-pair twinax cable, commonly referred to as a 4x InfiniBand cable. The 10GBASE-T study group is developing a standard for the transmission and reception of 10 Gigabit Ethernet via a Category 5 or better unshielded twisted pair (UTP) copper cable up to 100 m.

10 GbE MARKET OVERVIEW Extension of existing Ethernet family of standards Another 10x jump for higher capacity Typical Ethernet applications at higher speed Also positioned as a MAN/WAN technology for use over dark fiber or SONET/SDH

CONCLUSION 10 Gigabit Ethernet is very much necessary for today’s network and is viable now. 10 Gigabit Ethernet forms the backbone of today’s network due to its enhanced features. In future it will provide more better networking solutions as continuous efforts have been put into it to upgrade it.

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