Introduction to XML History Concepts Well-formed XML history of markup languages metamorphosis of HTML into XML Concepts documents = elements, attributes + content Well-formed XML fundamental syntax of XML

The Path to XML Development markup languages text processing and document formatting GML, troff, TeX abstract document / data notations SGML specific document architecture TEI DocBook HTML

HTML HTML was originally not an SGML application borrowed the syntax < </ > &; ignored the grammar most HTML written by hand syntax errors accommodated HTML slowly evolved a particular presentation semantics

HTML: The Beginning HTML began as a language for encoding simple document semantics <H1>Things to See in London</H1> <p>The <I>Millenium Dome</I> is great.

HTML: Effects through Bloating It became more bloated to allow more design precision and visual effects. <H1>Things to See in London</H1> <p><center>The <I>Millenium Dome</I> is <blink>great </blink></center>.

HTML: Simplicity through Style Until precise style specifications were added. Large font, bold, red <H1>Things to See in London</H1> <p>The <I>Millenium Dome</I> is great. Any font denoting emphasis Normal font, indent 1cm, centered

HTML: Style is All But then the names of the tags became irrelevant. Large font, bold, red <H1>Things to See in London</H1> <p>The <I>Millenium Dome</I> is great. Any font denoting emphasis Normal font, indent 1cm, centered

HTML: Or are Data and Style Equal? So invent your own for your own applications. Large font, bold, red <day>Things to See in London</day> <see>The <place>Millenium Dome</place> is great.</see> Any font denoting emphasis Normal font, indent 1cm, centered

HTML: Or is Data All? And forget the display semantics. Information is for using, not looking at! <day>Things to See in London</day> <see>The <place>Millenium Dome</place> is great.</see> The result of this transformation is XML