American Revolution and the Creation of the United States Unit 2 Final Exam Review American Revolution and the Creation of the United States

Declining Colonial Loyalty to England 1. Declining colonial loyalty to England—caused by non-English immigration, fewer English-born Americans, the Great Awakening, the Enlightenment, and English policies after the French and Indian War Colonial Demographics in 1776

French and Indian War 2. French and Indian War—expensive war that changed England’s relationship with the colonies after it led to the passage of higher taxes and regulations

Albany Plan of Union 3. Albany Plan of Union—represented the first time the colonies considered joining together, happened during French and Indian War

Salutary Neglect 4. Salutary neglect—this English “hands off” approach to the American colonies ended after the French and Indian War and raised tension

Proclamation of 1763 5. Proclamation of 1763—this law stated colonists could not pass the Appalachian Mountains after Pontiac’s Rebellion

Quartering Act 6. Quartering Act—law requiring American colonists to house and feed British troops

Stamp Act 7. Stamp Act—first direct tax on colonists that applied to most printed materials, leading to protests

Sons of Liberty 8. Sons of Liberty—vigilante group formed against the Stamp Act that held protests and terrorized tax collectors

Nonimportation Agreements 9. Nonimportation Agreements—action of colonists in which they boycotted British products

“No Taxation without Representation” 10. “No Taxation without Representation”—slogan of colonists that felt England could not tax them if they were not given a voice in government

Boston Massacre 11. Boston Massacre—killing of five Boston colonists by British troops after the Townshend Acts had raised tension

Boston Tea Party 12. Boston Tea Party—event in which colonists reacted to the Tea Act by dumping British tea into the Boston Harbor

Intolerable Acts 13. Intolerable Acts—Britain’s response to the Boston Tea Party that involved more British troops and shutting down the Boston Harbor

Lexington and Concord 14. Lexington and Concord—the “shot heard ‘round the world,” considered the first battles of the American Revolution

Second Continental Congress 15. Second Continental Congress—group of colonial delegates that tried to reconcile with England but ultimately declared independence

Thomas Paine 16. Thomas Paine—wrote Common Sense, which convinced many Americans that independence from Britain was necessary

Olive Branch Petition 17. Olive Branch Petition—last-ditch effort of Second Continental Congress to make peace with England, rejected by King George III after the Battle of Bunker Hill

Declaration of Independence 18. Declaration of Independence—document asserted that Britain had violated the natural rights of the colonists and no longer had authority over the colonists

Battle of Saratoga 19. Battle of Saratoga—turning point battle of the American Revolution that convinced France to help the United States

Battle of Yorktown 20. Battle of Yorktown—last major battle of the American Revolution and a victory for the United States

Treaty of Paris of 1783 21. Treaty of Paris of 1783—ended the American Revolution and recognized the United States’ independence

Abigail Adams 22. Abigail Adams—wife of John Adams who pushed for women’s rights by asking her husband to “remember the ladies”

Articles of Confederation 23. Articles of Confederation—first constitution of the United States that created a weak confederate government

Northwest Ordinance 24. Northwest Ordinance—law passed to organize land into territories and states and banned slavery in the Northwest Territory

Shays’ Rebellion 25. Shays’ Rebellion—violent outbreak that exposed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation and led to their replacement