African trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) Jacob B. Stocks African trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)
Trypanosoma brucei is a single cell eukaryote that is fairly distant from animals, plants, and fungi http://www.icp.ucl.ac.be/~opperd/Supplementary/6pgl.html
Trypanosomiasis affects 70 million people in Africa 80% of reported cases in the Congo Both types are rare in the U.S. but are possible Down from 34,000 deaths in 1990 to 9,000 deaths in 2010 Concentration of cases by country http://publichealth.yale.edu/emd/research/ntd/Tsetse/index.aspx
Trypanosomiasis Is Transmitted Through Tsetse Flies Other Forms of Transmission Mother-to-Child Blood Transfusion Sexual Contact (1 reported case) Close-up of Tsetse Fly during blood meal http://rosarubicondior.blogspot.com/2013_02_01_archive.html
Trypanosoma have a complex life cycle with two hosts Life cycle of parasite http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/sleepingsickness/biology.html
Trypanosoma have a complex life cycle with two hosts Life cycle of parasite http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/sleepingsickness/biology.html
Trypanosomes Evades the Immune System Variation in VSGs causes the immune system to fail at stopping the infection
Trypanosomiasis is Diagnosed by the Detection of the Parasite Potential Body Fluids for Detection Blood Bone Marrow Lymph Node Aspirates http://www.finddiagnostics.org/resource-centre/press/100223.html
These are trypanosomes under a microscope in a blood smear Trypanosoma gambiense in blood smear http://www.pirx.com/droplet/micro/trypanosoma1.html
A Lumbar Puncture is needed to Determine Stage https://kdbarkerblog.wordpress.com/tag/lumbar-puncture/
Trypanosomiasis progresses through two stages http://www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/notes/kinet.html
Trypanosomiasis progresses through two stages http://www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/notes/kinet.html
Treatment Depends on Type and Stage of Disease Pentamidine
Treatment Depends on Type and Stage of Disease Suramin
Treatment Depends on Type and Stage of Disease Although the mechanism of melarsoprol action has been extensively studied, it still remains unclear. Melarsoprol
Treatment Depends on Type and Stage of Disease Suramin has been shown to inhibit all of the glycolytic enzymes in T. b. brucei Eflornithine
Prevention of African Trypanosomiasis is critical No vaccine Certain color and type of clothes should be worn Avoid tsetse fly dense areas Insect repellent Fly traps Spraying of insecticide Population screening http://www.steptsetse.org
Works Cited "Parasites - African Trypanosomiasis (also Known as Sleeping Sickness)." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Aug. 2012. Web. 05 Nov. 2014. "African Sleeping Sickness." Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases. Yale School of Medicine, 24 May 2013. Web. 05 Nov. 2014. "Trypanosoma Brucei." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 May 2014. Web. 05 Nov. 2014. Duffieux. "6-Phosphogluconolactonase." 6-Phosphogluconolactonase. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2014. "FIND and Standard Diagnostics Inc. Partner to Co-develop and Supply a Point-of-care Test for Sleeping Sickness." Http://www.finddiagnostics.org. FIND, 23 Feb. 2010. Web. 3 Nov. 2014. Sabatini, Robert. Http://www.ctegd.uga.edu. The Center For Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2014. Díaz, María V. "Pentamidine Exerts in Vitro and in Vivo Anti Trypanosoma Cruzi Activity and Inhibits the Polyamine Transport in Trypanosoma Cruzi." Http://www.sciencedirect.com. ELSEVIER B.V., 12 Feb. 2014. Web. 05 Nov. 2014. Bacchi, Cyrus J. "Chemotherapy of Human African Trypanosomiasis." Http://www.hindawi.com. Hindawi, 2009. Web. 06 Nov. 2014.